3D Game Programming
王銓彰
kevin.cwang@msa.hinet.net
1
課程大綱














Introduction to Game Development (3hr)
Game System Analysis (3hr)
The Game Main Loop (3hr)
3D Game Engine Training (TheFly3D) (6hr)
Game Mathematics (3hr)
Geometry for Games (3hr)
Advanced Scene Management System (6hr)
Terrain (3hr)
Game AI (6hr)
Game Physics (3hr)
Game FX (3hr)
Network Gaming (3hr)
Introduction to MMOG (3hr)
The Non-3D Parts (3hr)
2
課程要求

One Term Project



The Students will divide into several teams
Use TheFly3D Game Engine to code a 3D Real-time Strategy Game
The Teacher will Provide Graphics Materials
Two Examinations
 Homework will be closely coupled with the term project

3
王銓彰

目前




學歷


昱泉國際股份有限公司 技術顧問
數位內容學院 專任講師 / 顧問
資策會多媒體研究所 專案顧問
台灣大學土木工程學系畢業
資歷





97-03
96-96
93-96
90-93
89-90
昱泉國際股份有限公司 技術長
虛擬實境電腦動畫股份有限公司 研發經理
西基電腦動畫股份有限公司 研發經理
國家高速電腦中心 助理研究員
台灣大學土木工程學系 CAE Lab 研究助理
4
王銓彰

Game作品

昱泉國際

DragonFly 3D Game Engine
– M2神甲奇兵, VRLobby, 天劍記

Lizard 3D Game Engine
– 幻影特攻、笑傲江湖 I & II、神鵰俠侶 I & II、風雲、小李飛刀、笑傲江
湖網路版、怪獸總動員、聖劍大陸、笑傲外傳

西基電腦動畫

Ultimate Fighter – 1st Realtime 3D fighting game in Taiwan
5
王銓彰

專長 (Expertise)







3D Computer Graphics
Geometric Modeling
Numerical Methods
Character Animation
Photo-realistic Rendering
Real-time Shading
Volume Rendering
6
王銓彰

應用領域 (Applications)





即時3D遊戲開發 (Real-time 3D Game Development)
電腦動畫 (Computer Animation)
虛擬實境 (Virtual Reality)
電腦輔助設計 (Computer-aided Design)
科學視算 (Scientific Visualization)
7
Introduction
To
Game Development
8
Introduction to Game Dev
Game Platform
 Game Types
 Game Team
 Game Development Pipeline
 Game Software System
 Tools

9
Game Platform

PC





Single player
Match Makings
MMOG (Massive Multi-player Online Game)
Web-based Games
Console



Sony PS2
MS Xbox
Nintedo GameCube
Arcade
 Mobile



GBA
Hand-held
10
Game Development on PC








Designed for Office Application
Not for Entertainment
A Virtual Memory System
 Unlimited memory using
But Video Memory is Limited
PCI/AGP might be a Challenge
Open Architecture
Compatibility Test is Important
Development is Easy to Setup
11
Game Development on Console





Specific Hardware Designed for Games
Single User / Single Process OS
In General no Hard Disk Drive (??)
Closed System
Very Native Coding Way



Limited Resources


Proprietary SDK
Hardware related features
Memory
One Console runs, the others do!
12
Game Types










RPG (Role playing games)
AVG (Adventure games)
RTS (Real-time strategy games)
FPS (First-person shooting games)
MMORPG
SLG (???, 戰棋)
Simulation
Sports
Puzzle games
Table games
13
Game Team組成
開發團隊
 製作人
 執行製作人
 企劃團隊
 程式團隊
 美術團隊
 行銷業務團隊
 測試團隊
 遊戲審議委員會

14
遊戲製作人 (Producer)





Team Leader (always)
資源管理 (Resource Management)
行政管理 (Administration)
向上負責 (Upward Management)
專案管理 (Project Management)
15
遊戲執行製作人
專案管理執行 (Project Management)
 Daily 運作
 House Keeping
 Not full-time job position

16
遊戲企劃









故事設計 (Story Telling)
腳本設計 (Scripting)
玩法設計 (Game Play Design)
關卡設計 (Level Design)
遊戲調適 (Game Tuning)
數值設定 (Numerical Setup)
AI 設計 (Game AI)
音效設定 (Sound FX Setup)
場景設定 (Scene Setup)
17
遊戲美術







場景 (Terrain)
人物 (Character)
建模 (Models)
材質 (Textures)
動作 (Motion / Animation)
特效 (FX)
User Interface
18
遊戲程式





遊戲程式 (Game Program)
遊戲開發工具 (Game Tools)
 Level Editor
 Scene Editor
 FX Editor
 Script Editor
遊戲Data Exporters from 3D Software
 3dsMax / Maya / Softimage
Game Engine Development
Online Game Server Development
19
遊戲開發流程
Basic Procedures for Game Development
Idea
Proposal
Concept
Approval





Production
Prototype
發想 (Idea)
提案 (Proposal)
製作 (Production)
整合 (Integration)
測試 (Testing)
 除錯 (Debug)
 調適 (Tuning)
Integration
Pre-alpha
Testing
Debug
Alpha
Tuning
Beta
Final
> Concept Approval
> 雛形 (Prototype)
> Pre-alpha
> Alpha
> Beta
20
遊戲發想 (Concept Design)







遊戲類型 (Game Types)
遊戲世界觀 (Game World)
故事 (Story)
遊戲特色 (Features)
遊戲玩法 (Game Play)
遊戲定位 (Game Product Positioning)
 Target player
 Marketing segmentation / positioning
風險評估 (Risk)
 SWOT (Strength/Weakness/Opportunity/Threat)
21
遊戲提案 (Proposal)







系統分析 (System Analysis)
GDD 撰寫 (Game Design Document)
MDD 撰寫 (Media Design Document)
TDD 撰寫 (Technical Design Document)
遊戲專案建立 (Game Project)
 Schedule
 Milestones / Check points
 Risk management
測試計畫書
團隊建立 (Team Building)
22
遊戲開發 (Production)
美術量產製作
 Modeling
 Textures
 Animation
 Motion
 FX
 程式開發 (Coding)
 企劃數值設定
 …

量產 !
23
遊戲整合 (Integration)






關卡串聯 (Level Integration)
數值調整 (Number Tuning)
音效置入 (Audio)
完成所有美術
程式與美術結合
Focus Group (User Study)
 Release some playable levels for focus group
24
遊戲測試 (Testing)
Alpha 測試
 除錯 (Debug)
 Beta 測試
 數值微調
 Game play 微調
 對線上遊戲而言 (MMOG)
 封閉測試 (Closed Beta)
 開放測試 (Open Beta)
 極限測試 (Critical Testing)
 線上遊戲才有

25
Bug
Bug 分級 (Bug Classification)
 A Bug
 B Bug
 C Bug
 S Bug
 Principles
 Bug 分級從嚴
 Tester vs Debugger
Bug

Bug Classification
Bug Dispatch
Debug
N
?
Verify
Y
FAQ
26
Game Software System
Game
NPC System
Virtual Agent
Trading System
Fighting System
FX System
Terrain
Character Dynamics Sound FX
Collision
3D Scene Mngmt
3D Graphics API
2D Sprite
Game AI
Story
Gamepad
2D API
Hardware
Script System
UI
Audio
Network
Input Device
OS API
Game Play
Layer
Engine
Layer
System
Layer
27
System Layer - APIs

3D Graphics API



2D API



DirectX 9.0 SDK - DirectMedia
Win32 GDI
Input Device


DirectX 9.0 SDK – Direct3D
OpenGL 2.0
DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectInput
Audio


DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectSound / Direct3DSound /
DirectMedia
OpenAL
28
System Layer - APIs

OS API



Win32 SDK
MFC
Network


DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectPlay
Socket library
29
Engine Layer

3D Scene Management System










Scene Graph
Shaders
2D Sprite System
Audio System
Gamepad
Hotkey
Mouse
Timers
Network
DDK Interface
30
Engine Layer
Terrain
 Advanced Scene Management – Space Partition









BSP Tree
Octree
Character System
Motion Blending Techniques
Dynamics
Collision Detection
SoundFX
User Interface
31
Game Play Modula
NPC (Non-playable Characters)
 Game AI











Path Finding
Finite State Machine
…
Avatar
Combat System
FX System
Script System
Trading System
Number System
…
32
Game Dev Tools

Visual C/C++



.net 2003
Visual C/C++ 6.0+ SP5
DirectX

Current 9.0c
NuMega BoundsChecker
 Intel vTune
 3D Tools



3dsMax/Maya/Softimage
In-house Tools
33
Game System Analysis
34
What Will We Talk Here
Idea about System Analysis (SA)
 Mind mapping
 Case Study - Our Term Project

35
Why SA ? (1/2)

For 程式結構 Analysis



To Identify 工作量


Programs/tools under development
For 資源 management





Program modulus
Tools
Man month
How many programmers ?
Development tools ?
Specific tools ?
For Job Dependency Analysis
36
Why SA ? (2/2)

To make 技術可行性 Analysis


Pre-processor for



R&D ?
Technical design document
Project management
Bridge from Game Design to Programming
37
Something about SA
No Standard Procedures
 It’s Not a Theory, Just Something Must Be Done!
 You Can Have Your Own Method



UML
Mind mapping (心智圖法)


This is the one we will use for this course
…
38
The SA Steps I Used





Brainstorming
Integration
Dependency Analysis
Create the Project
Write the Technical Design Document (TDD)
39
SA – Brainstorming
Based on the Game Design to Put Everything As
Many As You Could
 Use Mind mapping
 Including


Game system


Program modulus


Camera / PC control / NPC AI / UI / FX /…
Tools


Combat / Village / Puzzle / …
Level editor / Scene editor / …
Entities in games

Characters / vehicle / terrain / audio / …
40
SA – Integration
Confirm the Resource Limitation
 Technical Implement Possibility
 Put All Related Items Together
 Man Month Analysis




How many ?
Who ?
Jobs/System Identification
41
SA – Dependency Analysis

Sort the Jobs



By dependency
By programmers
Prototype for scheduling
42
SA – Create the Project






Scheduling
Job Assignment
Resource Allocation
Check points
Milestones
Risk Management Policy
43
SA – Write the TDD








Specification
Resources
Design in details
Implement Methods (工法)
Algorithms
The Project
Output in Each Milestone
SOP (optional)
44
Mind Mapping



心智圖法
A Radiant Thinking Tool
Applications







讀書心得
Proposal
上課筆記
遊記
System Analysis
…
Reference

Program



Visio
MindManager
Tony Buzan, Barry Buzan, “The Mind Map Book: How to Use
Radiant Thinking to Maximize Your Brain's Untapped
Potential”
45
46
47
Mind Mapping Demo
Use MindManager X5 pro
 Developed By MindJet

48
Term Project
System Analysis
49
Game Design (1/3)






Real-time Strategy War Game
Mission-based Levels
Mouse-driven Controls
Player vs Computer
State-based AI
Group Movement
50
Game Design (2/3)

PC – Controlled by Player

“Blue Team”



AI



Move
Attack
Standby
Anti-attack
NPC – Controlled by Computer

“Red Team” - Enemy


Triggered by time table
AI




Move
Standby
Anti-attack
Attack
51
Game Design (3/3)

Game AI


Finite state machine
Path finding



Steering behavior



3D
A*
Flocks / Schools / Herds
http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/
AI Game Programming Wisdom, Charles River Media (1 & 2)
52
System Analysis

Run MindManager.exe
53