3D Game
Programming
王銓彰
kevin.cwang@msa.hinet.net
2005
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課程大綱
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Introduction to Game Development (3hr)
Game System Analysis (3hr)
The Game Main Loop (3hr)
3D Game Engine Training (Using TheFly3D) (6hr)
Game Mathematics & Geometry (3hr)
Terrain (3hr)
Characters (3hr)
Game Control System (3hr)
Advanced Scene Management System (3hr)
Game AI (6hr)
Game Physics (3hr)
Game FX (3hr)
Network Gaming (3hr)
MMOG (3hr)
Summary
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Wang’s Method for Real-time 3D Game Development
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課程要求
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One term project
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The students are in teams.
Use TheFly3D 3D engine to code a Real-time 3D Game.
 Action RPG
The teacher will provide graphics materials and setup the game
design.
Final examination
Homework will be closely coupled with the term project.
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王銓彰 (1/3)
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目前
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學歷
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數位內容學院 專任講師 / 顧問
宇峻奧汀 顧問
鈊象電子 3D技術顧問
台灣大學土木工程學系畢業
資歷
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04-04 資策會網路多媒體研究所 專案顧問
97-04 昱泉國際股份有限公司 技術長
96-96 虛擬實境電腦動畫股份有限公司 研發經理
93-96 西基電腦動畫股份有限公司 研發經理
90-93 國家高速電腦中心 助理研究員
89-90 台灣大學土木工程學系 CAE Lab 研究助理
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王銓彰 (2/3)
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Game作品
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Current
 TheFly3D 3D Engine
昱泉國際
 DragonFly 3D Game Engine
 M2神甲奇兵, VRLobby, 天劍記
 Lizard 3D Game Engine
 幻影特攻、笑傲江湖 I & II、神鵰俠侶 I & II、風雲、小李飛刀、
笑傲江湖網路版、怪獸總動員、聖劍大陸、笑傲外傳
西基電腦動畫
 Ultimate Fighter
 1st real-time 3D fighting game in Taiwan
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王銓彰 (3/3)
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專長 (Expertise)
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3D Computer Graphics
Geometric Modeling
Numerical Methods
Character Animation
Photo-realistic Rendering
Real-time Shading
Volume Rendering
應用領域 (Applications)
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即時3D遊戲開發 (Real-time 3D Game Development)
電腦動畫 (Computer Animation)
虛擬實境 (Virtual Reality)
電腦輔助設計 (Computer-aided Design, CAD)
科學視算 (Scientific Visualization)
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1st
Introduction to
Game Development
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Introduction to Game Development
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Game
Game
Game
Game
Game
Tools
platform
types
team
development pipeline
software system
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Game Platform
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PC
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Console
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Single player
Match Makings
MMOG (Massive Multi-player Online Game)
Web-based Games
Sony PS2
MS Xbox
Nintendo GameCube
Arcade
Mobile
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Nintendo GBA
Nintendo DS
Sony PSP
Hand-held
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Game Development on PC
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PC is designed for general office application.
Not for entertainment purpose
A virtual memory system
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But video memory is limited.
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For frame buffers, z buffers, textures, vertices, …
PCI / AGP might be a problem for performance.
Open architecture
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Unlimited system memory
Hardware driver version issue
Different capabilities
Different performance
Compatibility test is very important.
Development is easy to setup.
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Visual C/C++ with DirectX
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Game Development for Consoles
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Specific hardware designed for games
Single user OS
Single process OS
No hard disk drive (?)
Closed system
Native coding environment
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Limited resources
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Proprietary SDK
Hardware related features
C language with assembly
Memory for everything
 32M for PS2
 64M for Xbox
One console runs, the others do !
Use gamepad and no keyboard
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Game Types
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RPG (Role playing games)
AVG (Adventure games)
RTS (Real-time strategy games)
FPS (First-person shooting games)
RSLG (戰棋)
STG
Sports
Action
Puzzle games
Table games
MMORPG
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Massive Multiple Player Online Role Playing Games
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Game Team Members
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開發團隊
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行銷業務團隊
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產品經理(PM)
測試團隊
遊戲審議委員會
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製作人
執行製作人
企劃團隊
程式團隊
美術團隊
Game project approval
遊戲經營團隊
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線上遊戲 game master (GM)
Customer services
MIS
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Game Producer 遊戲製作人
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Team leader (usually)
資源管理 (Resource management)
行政管理 (Administration)
專案管理 (Project management)
向上負責 (Upward management)
團隊的決策
風險管理
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遊戲執行製作人
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專案管理執行
Daily 運作
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House keeping
Meeting coordinator
Schedule checking
Cross-domain communication
Usually not a full-time job position
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A position for training and becoming a producer
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遊戲企劃 (1/2)
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故事設計 (Story telling)
腳本設計 (Scripting)
玩法設計 (Game play design)
角色設計(Character design)
動作設計(Animation design)
關卡設計 (Level design)
特效設計(Effect design)
物件設計
介面設計(User Interface design)
遊戲調適 (Game tuning)
數值設定 (Numerical setup)
AI 設計 (Game AI design)
音效設定 (Sound FX setup)
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遊戲企劃 (2/2)
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場景設定 (Scene setup)
Game document writing
Game quality checking
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遊戲美術
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Visual setup for game design
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2D setup
3D setup
Graphics design and production
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場景 (Terrain)
人物 (Character)
建模 (Models)
材質 (Textures)
動作 (Motion / Animation)
特效 (FX)
User Interface
行銷支援 (封面.海報..等)
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遊戲程式
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遊戲程式 (Game Program) 撰寫
遊戲開發工具 (Game Tools) 開發
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遊戲Data exporters from 3D animation Software
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Level editor
Scene editor
FX editor
Script editor
Game editor
3dsMax / Maya / Softimage
Game engine development
Game technique research
Online game server development
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遊戲開發流程
Basic Procedures for Game Development
Idea
Proposal
Concept
Approval
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Production
Prototype
發想 (Idea)
提案 (Proposal)
製作 (Production)
整合 (Integration)
測試 (Testing)
 除錯 (Debug)
 調適 (Tuning)
Integration
Pre-alpha
Testing
Debug
Alpha
Tuning
Beta
Final
> Concept approval
> 雛形 (prototype)
> Pre-alpha
> Alpha
> Beta
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遊戲發想(Concept Design)
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遊戲類型 (Game types)
遊戲世界觀 (Game world)
故事 (Story)
遊戲特色 (Features)
遊戲玩法 (Game play)
遊戲定位 (Game product positioning)
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競爭對手評估
風險評估 (Risk)
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Target player
Marketing segmentation / positioning
SWOT (Strength/Weakness/Opportunity/Threat) 分析
產出物
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Concept Design Document (CDD)
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遊戲提案(Proposal)
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系統分析 (System analysis)
GDD 撰寫 (Game design document)
MDD 撰寫 (Media design document)
TDD 撰寫 (Technical design document)
遊戲專案建立 (Game project)
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Schedule
Milestones / Check points
Risk management
測試計畫書
團隊建立 (Team building)
產出物
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GDD
MDD
TDD
The Team
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遊戲開發(Production)
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美術量產製作
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Modeling
Textures
Animation
Motion
FX
量產 !
程式開發 (Coding)
企劃數值設定
…
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遊戲整合(Integration)
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關卡串聯 (Level integration)
數值調整 (Number tuning)
音效置入 (Audio)
完成所有美術
程式與美術結合
Testing within the game team
Focus group (User study)
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Release some playable levels for focus group.
Get the feedback from focus group to adjust the game play.
Invited outside game players but evaluation in-house
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遊戲測試(Test)
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Alpha 測試
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Beta 測試
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除錯 (Debug)
Make the game stable
數值微調
Game play 微調
對線上遊戲而言 (MMOG)
 封閉測試 (Closed beta)
 Invited game players
 開放測試 (Open beta)
 Free for public players
極限測試 (Critical testing)
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Only for MMOG
Continuously implementing
For servers
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Bugs
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Bug 分級 (Bug Classification)
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A Bug
B Bug
C Bug
S Bug
Bug
Bug Classification
Principles
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Bug 分級從嚴
Tester vs Debugger
Bug Dispatch
Debug
N
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Verify
Y
FAQ
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Game Software System
Game
NPC System
Virtual Agent
Fighting System
Terrain
Trading System
FX System
Game AI
Collision Character Dynamics
3D Scene Mngmt
3D Graphics API
2D Sprite
Gamepad
2D API
Hardware
Story
Script System
Sound FX
Audio
Input Device
UI
Network
OS API
Game Play
Layer
Engine
Layer
System
Layer
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System Layer – APIs (1/2)
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3D Graphics API
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2D API
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DirectX 9.0 SDK - DirectMedia
Win32 GDI
Input device
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DirectX 9.0 SDK – Direct3D
 Newest update : DirectX 9.0c SDK Update (June, 2005)
OpenGL
 2.0
DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectInput
Audio
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DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectSound / Direct3DSound / DirectMedia
OpenAL
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System Layer – APIs (2/2)
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OS API
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Win32 SDK
MFC
Network
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DirectX 9.0 SDK – DirectPlay
Socket library
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Engine Layer (1/2)
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3D scene management system
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Scene graph
Shaders
2D sprite system
Audio system
Gamepad
Hotkeys
Mouse
Timers
Network
DDK interface
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Engine Layer (2/2)
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Terrain system
Advanced scene management system
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Character system
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Bone-skin
Motion Blending
Dynamics
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Space partition technique
 BSP Tree
Octree
Particle system
Rigid-body dynamics
Collision detection
Sound FX
User interface
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Game Play Layer
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NPC (Non-playable characters) management
Game AI
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Path finding
Finite state machine (FSM)
Steering behavior
Avatar
Combat system
FX system
Script system
Trading system
Number system
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Game Development Tools for Programming (1/2)
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System Tools
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Visual C/C++
 .Net 2003
 VC/C++ 7.1
 Visual C/C++ 6.0 + SP5
NuMega BoundsChecker
 Finding memory leaking
Intel vTune
 Finding computation performance bottlenecks
 for CPU
PIX
 Finding graphics performance bottlenecks
 For GPU
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Game Development Tools for Programming (2/2)
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SDKs
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System API
 Win32 SDK or MFC
 DirectX SDK or OpenGL
 Socket library
Middleware (Game engine)
 Renderware
 Unreal
 …
Physics
 ODE
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Game Development Tools for Artists
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3D tools
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2D tools
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Discrete 3dsMax
Maya
Softimage XSI
Photoshop
Illustrator
Motion tools
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Motion capture devices
Motion Builder
FiLMBOX
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2nd
Game System Analysis
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What Will We Talk Here
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The idea about system analysis (SA)
Mind mapping
Case study - Term project
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Why System Analysis (1/2)
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For 程式結構 analysis
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To identify 工作量
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New game engine ?
Re-used code ?
Tools needed to be developed ?
For 資源 management
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The main program
Game development tools
Total man month
How many programmers ?
How good the programmers ?
For job dependency analysis
Job A
Job B
Job D
Job C
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Why System Analysis (2/2)
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To do 技術可行性 Analysis
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Pre-processor for
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R&D ?
Where is the technical bottleneck ?
Technical design document
Project management
Bridge from game design to programming
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Something about System Analysis
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No standard procedures or approaches
It’s not a theory.
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Experience
You can use your own method/tool
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UML
Mind mapping (心智圖法)
 This is the one we will use in this course
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Wang’s System Analysis Steps
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Brainstorming
Integration
Dependency analysis
Create the project
Technical design document (TDD) writing
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Brainstorming
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Based on the game design to put everything as many as
you could
Use mind mapping
Including
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Game system
 Combat / Village / Puzzle / …
Program modulus
 Camera / PC control / NPC AI / UI / FX /…
Tools
 Level editor / Scene editor / …
Entities in games
 Characters / vehicle / terrain / audio / …
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Integration
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Confirm the resource limitation
Technical implement possibility
Put all related items together
Man month analysis
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How many ?
Who ?
Jobs / System identification
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Dependency Analysis
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Sort the Jobs
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By job dependency
By programmers’ schedule
Prototype for scheduling
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System Analysis – Create the Project
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Scheduling
Job assignment
Resource allocation
Check points
Milestones
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Major check points
Output
Risk management
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Alternatives
Risk management policy
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Write the Technical Design Document
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Specification
Resources
Design in details
Implement methods (工法)
Algorithms
“Project”
Output in each milestone
SOP (optional)
TDD Template
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Mind Map
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心智圖法
A radiant thinking tool
Applications
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讀書心得
Proposal
上課筆記
遊記
System Analysis
…
Reference
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Programs
 Visio
 MindManager
Books
 Tony Buzan, Barry Buzan
 “The Mind Map Book: How to Use Radiant Thinking to
Maximize Your Brain's Untapped Potential”
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Mind Map Demo Using MindManager
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Use MindManager X5 pro
Developed by MindJet
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