1. DEFINITION
The secondary sector includes economic
activities that transform raw materials into
other products to meet human needs.
These economic activities are industry,
mining, energy production and
construction.
1.1. INDUSTRY
Industry makes up most of the secondary
sector. It transforms raw materials into
finished products or intermediate
products; in other words, products that are
consumed directly, or that are used as raw
materials in a new industrial process.
1.2 WHAT INDUSTRY NEEDS?
RAW MATERIALS: are natural substances that
industry transforms into products.
ENERGY SOURCES: the natural resources
that provide the energy
PRODUCTION AIDES: the employees or
workforce, financial capital and technology.
1.3 OTHER SECONDARY SECTOR ACTIVITIES
MINNING: involves locating, extracting and
refining the rocks and minerals found in
the earth and subsoil.
ENERGY PRODUCTION: transforms energy
sources into energy such as heat or
electricity.
CONSTRUCTION: different types of buildings,
roads, bridges, dams, etc. are constructed,
2. RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY SOURCES
RAW MATERIALS are natural substances that
industry transforms into processed
products.
ENERGY SOURCES are natural resources that
provide the energy required to power
machines, making industrial processing
possible.
2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS
RAW MATERIALS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN:
- Vegetable matter: from agriculture (crops)
or forestry (wood, rubber).
- Animal matter: come from livestock
farming (leather, wood) and fishing (olis,
tinned seafood)
RUBBER
WOOD
ANIMAL MATTER
2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS
RAW MATERIALS OF GEOLOGICAL ORIGIN:
- MINERALS: including metals (iron,
aluminium, copper), precious metals,
and non-metal materials (glass,
gemstones)
ZINC
2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS
- ROCKS: granite, clay, marble
- FOSSIL FUELS: coal, oil and natural gas.
2.2. CLASSIFING ENERGY SOURCES
Traditional energy sources are the most
common. They include coal, petroleum,
natural gas and nuclear energy. They are
all non-renewable forms of energy. Also
included in this group is hydropower, a
renewable form of energy.
2.2. CLASSIFING ENERGY SOURCES
Alternative energies are often based on
technology that is still at the research
stage, or is too expensive. The most
common forms of alternative energy are
solar and wind power.
Other types of alternative energy are
biomass, geothermal and tidal energy.
These are all forms of renewable energy
and are considered to be clean or “green
energy”, meaning they do not pollute the
environment or generate waste.
3. INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIAL SPACES
Industries are usually classified in the
following ways (depending on the
products they manufacture):
- Primary industries
- Capital goods industries
- Light industry
PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
manufacture semi-finished products.
Included in this category are the steel
industry (which makes iron and steel)
and the petrochemical industry (which
produces chemicals).
CAPITAL GOODS SERVICES
manufacture products that are needed in
other industries and in the
transportation industry. These products
include general machinery; industrial
and construction equipment; and railway
and shipbuilding materials.
LIGHT INDUSTRY
manufactures finished products, such as
foodstuffs, textiles and chemicals, which
are aimed directly at the consumer.
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