Wealth & development
What is development?
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Equality
Standard of living
GDP per capita
Manufacturing & service industries.
Human rights/freedom
Political stability
Good infrastructure
Access to clean water.
Sufficient & nutritious food consumption.
Access to education & health care
Factors Affecting
Development
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Natural resources & ability to extract/use them.
Industrialisation
Political stability
War
Natural disasters
Climate
Terrain (flat land/mountains)
Disease
Neighbouring countries
Location: coastal/landlocked.
Trade
Measuring Development
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GDP per capita
Literacy rate
No of people per doctor
Life expectancy
Access to clean water
Calorie intake
Birth & Death rates
Infant mortality rate
Human Development Index (HDI)
Types of measurement
• QUALITATIVE INDICATORS: Describe
development rather than measure .e.g. Security,
freedom, corruption.
• COMPOSITE INDICATORS: Combine several
other factors in one single figure E.g. HDI & HPI.
• QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS: Numbers rather
than descriptions GDP per Capita.
Employment Structures
• Employment structure: % of workers employed in
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary sectors.
– Primary Sector: Extracting raw materials/resources (fishing,
mining, farming etc).
– Secondary Sector: Manufacturing & construction
– Tertiary Sector: Service provision (police, teachers).
• LEDCs typically have dominant primary sector, NICs
have large secondary sectors & MEDCs tend to
have large tertiary sectors.
• LED