Cell Structure and Function

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Before 1600’s fiber/tissue = basic unit of life
Observed cork cells
Coined the term “cell”

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Made improvements to the microscope
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First to see living cells
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“animalcules” unicellular organisms

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Plants- made of cells
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Animals- made of cells
3. Mathias Schleiden (1838) 4. Theodor Schwann (1838)

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Cells come from other cells

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1. All living things are made of cells
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2. All cells come from preexisting cells
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3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
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Possible b/c of development of the microscope
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Involved many of scientists over hundreds of years .

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

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No Nucleus
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No organelles
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Simple structure
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Small, unicellular
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Bacteria
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Nucleus
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Membrane bound organelles
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Complex structures
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Animals, plants, fungi, protists
Prokaryote Eukaryote

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Lysosome
Leucoplasts
Chromoplasts
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
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Plasma
Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body
Vacuole

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Phospholipid bilayer embedded with protein
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“Fluid Mosaic” theory
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Regulates movement of molecules into or out of the cell

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Rigid structure outside of the plasma membrane
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Protects and supports cell
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Plants, fungi, bacteria
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Made of cellulose

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Control center for the cell
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Chromatin
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DNA “blueprint” for cell’s proteins
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Nucleolus
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Makes ribisomes

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Liquid inside the cell
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Water/nutrients
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Contains organelles

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Site of protein synthesis

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Produces and transports molecules

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Stores, modifies and packages proteins, hormones etc.
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Post office of the cell

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Stores food, waste, sugar, water etc.
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Storage center of the cell

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Digests food molecules or worn-out cell parts

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Store starch (in plants)

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Contain pigments (in plants)

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“Powerhouse of the cell”
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Site of cellular respiration

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Site of photosynthesis

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Internal framework of the cell
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Microtubulesprovide support
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Microfilamentsenable cells to move
(contractile proteins)

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Aid in the division of animal cells

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Cilia-short- fibers
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Flagella- long fibers

Molecules constantly enter and leave the cell

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Requires no energy
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Examples:
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Diffusion and Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
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Transport proteins in membrane moves sugar, amino acids etc
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Follows concentration gradient

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Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
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Passive transport- requires no energy

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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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Concentration of solutes are equal inside and outside of the cell.

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Solution outside the cell has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell.
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Less water inside
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Solution outside the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell.
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More water inside

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Wilting = loss of turgor pressure

Plasmolysis
Shrivel
Cytolysis
Burst

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Carrier proteins – transport molecules
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Low concentration to High concentration
Uses energy

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“into” the cell
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Engulfs material by enclosing it in membrane
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Forms a vacuole within the cell

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Expelling large amounts of material from the cell

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfy92hd aAH0&list=PL978360DC8EE52FCB

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9cVh wPg84