1O LANGUAGE ARTS
FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2014
THE STRANGE CASE OF DR. JEKYLL
AND MR. HYDE
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Gabriel Utterson –
narrator, longtime friend
of Jekyll and Lanyon
Mr. Hyde – evil, sinister
alter ego of Jekyll
Dr. Jekyll – doctor who
takes potion to become
Hyde
Dr. Lanyon – doctor who
looks down on Jekyll’s
“scientific balderdash”,
longtime friend of both
Jekyll and Utterson
STEVENSON’S BACKGROUND
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BORN IN 1850 IN
SCOTLAND
ONLY CHILD – VERY
DOTED ON, MIDDLE
CLASS
SUFFERED CHRONIC
HEALTH PROBLEMS
NURSE/NANNY READ
HIM STORIES WHICH
GREATLY
INFLUENCED HIM TO
PURSUE LITERATURE
GOTHIC ELEMENTS
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SETTING IN A CASTLE
ATMOSPHERE OF MYSTERY
AND SUSPENSE
AN ANCIENT PROPHECY
OMENS, VISIONS, DREAMS
SUPERNATURAL/INEXPLICABLE EVENTS
HIGH EMOTION
WOMEN IN PERIL OR
DISTRESS
WOMEN BEING
THREATENED BY A
POWERFUL MALE
DOOM AND GLOOM
IMAGERY
VICTORIAN LONDON
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SOCIAL CLASS
THE RAILWAYS
GENTLEMEN/UPPER
MIDDLE CLASS
SEXUALITY NOT
OPENLY DISCUSSED
SMALL ROLES OF
WOMEN
FAITH/DOUBTING OF
FAITH – LOGIC
DARWIN AND
DARWINISM (SURVIVAL
OF FITTEST,THEORY OF
EVOLUTION)
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TIME PERIOD: 1837-1901
CHANGES IN
VICTORIAN ENGLAND
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INDUSTRIALIZATION
HUGE INCREASES IN
THE NATION’S WEALTH
EXTREMES OF WEALTH
AND POVERTY
GROWING DIVISIONS
BETWEEN COUNTRY
AND CITY LIFESTYLES
RAPID POPULATION
GROWTH AND
INCREASES IN MIDDLE
CLASS
INCREASE IN BATTLE
FOR DEMOCRACY
VICTORIAN LONDON
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GOOD VS. BAD
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FEAR OF PEOPLE
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GOOD RECEIVED
REWARDS, BAD WERE
PUNISHED
POOR TREATED BADLY,
RICH WERE SCORNED AND
ENVIED
HEROES WERE PEOPLE OF
VIRTUE
LARGER CITIES, FEAR OF
RIOTING/REVOLUTIONS
RELIGIOUS UNDERTONES,
DEEPER MEANING
DOMINANT MALE ROLES
LACK OF FEMALE ROLES
SEXUALITY, ABSENT OR
HINTED AT
LITERARY TERMS
1. THEME
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2. REPETITION
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3.VERBAL IRONY
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A. “I TELL THEE, KATE,
‘TWAS BURNT AND DRIED
AWAY./AND I AM
EXPRESSLY FORBID TO
TOUCH IT.”
B. “YOU LIE, IN FAITH; FOR
YOU ARE CALL’D PLAIN
KATE,/AND BONNY KATE
AND SOMETIMES KATE
THE CURST;”
C. “THUS HAVE I
POLITICLY BEGUN MY
REIGN,/AND TIS MY HOPE
TO END SUCCESSFULLY.”
LITERARY TERMS
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1. SITUATIONAL
IRONY
2. AUTHOR’S
PURPOSE
3. IMAGERY
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A. “SIR, MY MISTRESS
SENDS YOU WORD/THAT
SHE IS BUSY AND CANNOT
COME.” (ACT V)
B. “MY FALCON NOW IS
SHARP AND PASSING
EMPTY,/AND TILL SHE
STOOP, SHE MUST NOT BE
FULL-GORGED,” (ACT IV)
C. “THUS IN PLAIN TERMS;
YOUR FATHER HATH
CONSENTED/THAT YOU
SHALL BE MY WIFE;YOUR
DOWRY ‘GREED ON;/AND,
WILL YOU, NILL YOU, I WILL
MARRY YOU.” (ACT II)
LITERARY ELEMENTS
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1.FORESHADOWING
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2. DYNAMIC
CHARACTER
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A. “MY MIND HATH BEEN
AS BIG AS ONE OF YOURS,/
MY HEART AS GREAT, MY
REASON HAPLY MORE,/ TO
BANDY WORD FOR WORD
AND FROWN FOR
FROWN./ BUT NOW I SEE
OUR LANCES ARE BUT
STRAWS,” KATE – ACT V
B. “BUT THE SUN IT IS NOT,
WHEN YOU SAY IT IS
NOT,/AND THE MOON
CHANGES EVEN AS YOUR
MIND.” KATE – ACT IV,
SCENE 5
LITERARY ELEMENTS
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1.STATIC CHARACTER
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2.TONE
A. “WHY THERE’S A
WENCH! COME ON
AND KISS ME,
KATE.”PETRUCHIO,
ACT V, SCENE 2
B. “WHY, MAN,
THERE/BE GOOD
FELLOWS IN THE
WORLD, AND A MAN
COULD LIGHT/ON
THEM, WOULD TAKE
HER WITH ALL
FAULTS, AND MONEY
ENOUGH.”
HORTENSIO, ACT 1
SCENE 1
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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SUBJECTS OF
SENTENCES
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THE SUBJECT IS THE
PART OF THE SENTENCE
THAT NAMES WHOM OR
WHAT THE SENTENCE IS
ABOUT.
BRUNO MARS/
PERFORMED AT THE
SUPERBOWL.
SOMEBODY/ ATE ALL THE
COOKIES!
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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SENTENCE
FRAGMENTS
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A SENTENCE FRAGMENT IS
AN ERROR THAT OCCURS
WHEN AN INCOMPLETE
SENTENCE IS PUNCTUATED
AS THOUGH IT WERE
COMPLETE.
WANTED TO EXPLORE THE
CAVES. (MISSING SUBJECT)
THE TWO WEARY HIKERS
WALKING FOR HOURS.
(MISSING COMPLETE
PREDICATE)
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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PHRASES
A PHRASE IS A GROUP
OF WORDS THAT ACTS
IN A SENTENCE AS A
SINGLE PART OF
SPEECH
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PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
THE STAIRS LEAD TO THE
ATTIC.
APPOSITIVE PHRASES
HE IS SAVING MONEY TO
TRAVEL TO BOGOTA,THE
CAPITAL OF COLUMBIA.
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VERBAL PHRASES – A
VERB FORM (PLUS ANY
COMPLEMENTS) THAT
FUNCTIONS AS A NOUN,
ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB
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PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
ONE OF THE JOYS OF THE
GARDEN IS A FRESHLY
PICKED TOMATO.
GERUND PHRASES (-ING)
CROSS COUNTRY SKIING
IS GOOD EXERCISE.
INFINITIVE PHRASES
HIS GOAL IS TO
GRADUATE.
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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PARTICIPIAL
PHRASES
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A PARTICIPLE IS A
VERB FORM THAT
CAN FUNCTION AS
AN ADJECTIVE
A PARTICIPIAL
PHRASE CONTAINS A
PARTICIPLE PLUS
ANY COMPLEMENTS
AND MODIFIERS
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PARTICIPLE
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THE CONFUSED
CHILD WAS AFRAID.
.
KEVIN, FEELING THAT
HE WAS NOT
ACCEPTED BY HIS
TEAMMATES, QUIT
THE TEAM
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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RUN-ON SENTENCES
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A RUN-ON SENTENCE IS
TWO OR MORE
COMPLETE SENTENCES
WRITTEN AS THOUGH
THEY WERE ONE
SENTENCE.
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IT RAINED THE
ENTIRE TIME THEY
WERE ON THEIR
HONEYMOON THEY
STILL ENJOYED THE
TRIP.
TO CORRECT:
ALTHOUGH IT
RAINED THE ENTIRE
TIME THEY WERE ON
THEIR HONEYMOON,
THEY STILL ENJOYED
THE TRIP.
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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COMPOUND
SENTENCES
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A COMPOUND
SENTENCE
CONTAINS TWO OR
MORE MAIN CLAUSES
(COMPLETE
SENTENCES)
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THEY ARE USUALLY
JOINED BY A COMMA
AND A
COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
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ANNIE CHECKS HER
EMAIL OFTEN, BUT
SHE DOESN’T
ALWAYS REPLY RIGHT
AWAY.
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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COMPLEX
SENTENCES
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A COMPLEX
SENTENCE HAS ONE
MAIN CLAUSE AND
ONE OR MORE
SUBORDINATE
CLAUSES
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WHEN I READ HER
NOVELS, I ENJOY
THEM BECAUSE THEY
ARE BELIEVABLE.
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SUBORDINATE
CLAUSE = WHEN I
READ HER NOVELS,
MAIN CLAUSE = I
ENJOY THEM
SUBORDINATE
CLAUSE = BECAUSE
THEY ARE BELIEVABLE
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GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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COMPOUND/COMPLEX
SENTENCES
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COMPOUND/COMPLEX
SENTENCES HAVE TWO
OR MORE MAIN CLAUSES
AND AT LEAST ONE
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
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I AM GOING TO THE
STORE ON FRIDAY,
WHICH IS A LOYAL
SHOPPER DAY, AND I
WANT YOU TO GO
WITH ME.
MAIN CLAUSE = I’M
GOING TO THE STORE
ON FRIDAY,
SUBORDINATE
CLAUSE = WHICH IS A
LOYAL SHOPPER DAY,
MAIN CLAUSE = I
WANT YOU TO GO
WITH ME
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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PREPOSITIONS/
PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
A PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE IS A GROUP
OF WORDS THAT
BEGINS WITH A
PREPOSITION AND
ENDS WITH A NOUN
OR PRONOUN, WHICH
IS CALLED THE
OBJECT OF THE
PREPOSITION
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COMMON
PREPOSITIONS
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=msikBBfCbnY
I DROVE OVER THE
RIVER AND THROUGH
THE WOODS TO GET
TO THE MALL.
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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USE OF COMMAS
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COMMAS ARE USED TO
SEPARATE TWO EQUAL
ELEMENTS OR TO SET
OFF AN ELEMENT
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A CHAIR, A TABLE, A
LAMP, AND A SOFA
WERE THE ROOM’S
ONLY FURNISHINGS.
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WELL,TURN YOUR
PAPER IN TOMORROW.
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WE CAN’T GO
OUTSIDE, HOWEVER,
WE CAN PLAY A
GAME.
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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USE OF SEMICOLONS
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USE A SEMICOLON TO
SEPARATE MAIN
CLAUSES
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USE A SEMICOLON TO
SEPARATE ITEMS IN A
SERIES WHEN ONE OR
MORE OF THE ITEMS
ALREADY CONTAIN
COMMAS
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NO ONE WAS
SERIOUSLY HURT IN THE
ACCIDENT; ONE MAN
SUFFERED A BROKEN
FINGER.
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IN MATTERS OF STYLE,
SWIM WITH THE
CURRENT; IN MATTERS
OF PRINCIPLE, STAND
LIKE A ROCK. (THOMAS
JEFFERSON, 1743-1826)
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GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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USE OF COLONS
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USE A COLON TO
INTRODUCE LISTS,
EXPECIALLY AFTER
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STATEMENTS THAT USE
WORDS SUCH AS THESE,
THE FOLLOWING OR AS
FOLLOWS
USE A COLON TO
INTRODUCE MATERIAL
THAT ILLUSTRATES,
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EXPLAINS, OR RESTATES
THE PRECEDING MATERIAL
USE A COLON TO
INTRODUCE A LONG OR
FORMAL QUOTATION
HE REQUESTED THE
FOLLOWING: A SCREWDRIVER,
A WRENCH, AND A HAMMER.
I OFTEN WISH MY PARENTS
HAD MORE THAN ONE CHILD:
THEY WORRY TOO MUCH
ABOUT ME. (A COMPLETE
SENTENCE FOLLOWING A
COLON IS CAPITALIZED)
IN THE TAMING OF THE SHREW,
SHAKESPEARE’S KATHARINA
STATES THE FOLLOWING:
THY HUSBAND IS THY LORD,
THY LIFE,THY KEEPER,
THY HEAD,THY SOVERIGN;
ONE THAT CARES FOR THEE,
GRAMMAR ELEMENTS
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INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES (COMPLETE
SENTENCES)
AN INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE HAS A
SUBJECT AND A
PREDICATE AND
EXPRESSES A
COMPLETE THOUGHT.
ALSO CALLED A MAIN
CLAUSE.
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SHANNON BROKE
HER GLASSES.
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MY DAUGHTER,
ALLISON, WROTE HER
ESSAY IN CLASS.
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EVERYBODY WHO
BOUGHT A TICKET
RECEIVED A FREE TSHIRT.
WRITING STRUCTURES
CHARACTER ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF ONE OR
MORE MAIN CHARACTERS IN
A BOOK
STUDY WHAT
CHARACTER THINKS, SAYS
AND DOES, AND WHAT
OTHER CHARACTERS SAY OR
THINK ABOUT THEM
ALWAYS USE QUOTES
FROM THE TEXT TO SUPPORT
YOUR STATEMENTS
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QUESTIONS TO ASK
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WHAT ARE THE DOMINANT
TRAITS OF THIS CHARACTER?
HOW DOES THE CHARACTER’S
PERSONALITY INFLUENCE
HIS/HER ACTIONS?
WHY DOES THE CHARACTER
FEEL A CERTAIN WAY?
WHAT CHARACTER TRAIT
DOES HE/SHE NEED TO
OVERCOME PROBLEMS?
WHAT BAD HABITS DOES THIS
CHARACTER HAVE?
WHAT GOOD QUALITIES DOES
THIS CHARACTER HAVE?
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WRITING STRUCTURES
COMPARE/CONTRAS
T
AN ESSAY, IN WHICH
THE WRITER FOCUSES
ON THE WAYS IN WHICH
CERTAIN THINGS OR
IDEAS—USUALLY TWO
OF THEM—ARE SIMILAR
TO (THIS IS THE
COMPARISON) AND/OR
DIFFERENT FROM (THIS
IS THE CONTRAST) ONE
ANOTHER.
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MAKING A VENN DIAGRAM CAN
HELP YOU QUICKLY COMPARE
AND CONTRAST TWO OR MORE
THINGS OR IDEAS.
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THE THESIS OF YOUR
COMPARISON/CONTRAST PAPER
IS VERY IMPORTANT: IT HELPS
YOU CREATE A FOCUSED
ARGUMENT AND GIVES YOUR
READER GUIDANCE.
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USE AN OUTLINE TO ORGANIZE
YOUR POINTS.
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ALWAYS USE QUOTES FROM THE
TEXTS YOU ARE REFERRING TO IN
YOUR ESSAY.