Why Do We Communicate?
Six Reasons Why We Communicate
Understanding
1. To Promote ____________.

Example: a math teacher giving a lesson on the quadratic
equation
2. To Make
_____________.
Decisions

Example: Presidential debates help us to choose what
candidate we will vote for.
3. To ______.
Inform


Example: the student council president delivers
announcements every day to inform students about
current school events.
Example: News broadcasts inform viewers of what is happening in
their community.
Six Reasons Why We Communicate
4. To Resolve Conflicts
________________.
/ Problems

Example: Students may use email or phone
conversations to resolve disagreements

Example: on a national level, President Bush used press
conferences and other media outlets to help resolve the
nations fear surrounding the September 11th attack.
social and physical needs
5. To Meet
_________________________.

Example: Students hang out with their friends on Friday
nights to help meet their social communication needs.
Persuade
6. To ________.

Example: presidential campaign ads are used to help
persuade voters to pick a certain candidate
Definition of communication:

The process of creating and exchanging
meaning through symbolic interaction.



As a process communication constantly moves
and changes. It does not stand still.
Meaning involves thoughts, ideas, and
understandings shared by communicators.
Symbolic means that we rely on words and
nonverbal behaviors to communicate meaning
and feelings.
Elements of Communication

Communication creates meaning
_______ through the
messages
exchange of _________.

together
The prefix “C-O-M” means “_______”

understanding or a
There must be an ____________
coming together for successful
communication to take place.
The Communication Process
Sender
Channel
Noise
Encoding
Message
Barrier
Feedback
Decoding
Channel
Receiver
The Communication Process
Mr. Sauceda
Air, face to face
Billy asks if tripping someone
counts as bullying.
I wonder if that includes
tripping someone for fun…
Squealing sound
from PA system.
Being in athletics
and not hearing
announcements.
Students at
HHS
I need students to know that
they cannot bully each other.
“Bullying is unacceptable
behavior. You will be
punished for bullying.”
P.A. System
Communication Process: Components


Sender The person with the message to
_______:
communicate.
Quarterback
 Football analogy: ____________.
Receiver The person or persons whom the
________:
message is addressed; the person who
interprets the message.
Receiver
 Football analogy: _________.
Communication Process: Components

Message Any idea the sender wants the
________:
receiver to understand.


______:
Verbal with words, organization
Non-verbal appearance, tone of voice, gestures,
_________:
facial expressions, eye contact, posture, attire.
 Football analogy: ____________.
The football
Communication Process: Components

________:
Encoding The process of putting the
message into the form in which it is to be
communicated.



Encoding is a duty that belongs to the sender.
Example: Writing a letter to a friend is an
example of encoding.
the play
Football analogy: _________.
Communication Process: Components

________:
Decoding The process the Receiver
undergoes in trying to interpret the exact
meaning of a message.


Decoding is a duty that belongs to the receiver.
running the rout
Football analogy: _______________.
Communication Process: Components


________:
Feedback The receiver’s observable
response / reaction to the sender’s message.
 Football analogy: End
_______________.
Zone dance
Channel The medium that carries the
________:
message is the channel of communication.
Knowing which channel to use in
communication is critical.


Examples: Face to face, written, electronic
or hand-off
Football analogy: Pass
_______________.
Communication Process: Components

_______________________:
Noise, Interference, Barriers Any distraction
(external or internal) which competes with the
message for the receiver’s attention.
environment - coughing, whispering,
 Physical/____________



talking, temperature of a room.
Physiological
____________ - headache or hunger
attitudinal - attitudes, emotions,
Psychological/_________
stereotypes
Social
barrier - the person communicating with
____________
you is not your friend or someone you respect.
Five Principles of Communication

Communication is transactional because it
involves an exchange.

If I go to the store to get a coke, I exchange
money to the cashier for the coke. I give
something and get something in return.
Communication is the same… you have to give
and receive for communication to happen.
Five Principles of Communication

Communication is complex for several reasons.






It is interactive because many processes are involved.
It is symbolic because symbols are open to interpretation.
It is personal & cultural because a person’s culture can add
a new or different meaning to a phrase or gesture.
It is irreversible because once a message is sent, it cannot
be taken back.
It is purposeful because there is always a reason behind a
message and it helps meet our needs.
It is impossible to duplicate because each interaction is
unique.
Five Principles of Communication

Communication is unavoidable because it is
impossible to not communicate.

You are communicating constantly even when you
do not intend to communicate. You communicate
by the way you sit or move, by the way you speak,
by what you wear, by your actions…. Even when
you sleep in class, you’re communicating that you
are bored or that you don’t care.
Five Principles of Communication

Communication is continuous because it
continues to impact and influence future
interactions and shapes our relationships.


Have you ever gotten off to a wrong start with
someone? Has it taken a lot of time to perhaps
overcome someone’s negative opinion of you?
Has someone ever said something to you that
hurt your feelings and you’ve always remembered
it and think about it when you see that person?
Five Principles of Communication

Communication skills can be learned
because they can always be improved.

You may need to work on speaking skills, written
communication, listening, relationship skills…
there’s always room for improvement!
Competent Communicators are…

Ethical - This means that a communicator
follows the morals and codes of conduct
within a society. It is how a person behaves
and how they treat others.



They are honest and truthful.
They keep confidences and are cautious about
spreading gossip.
They consider the needs, rights, and feelings of
other people.
Competent Communicators are…

Responsible - This means that they take
responsibility for their own communication choices
and behavior.




They are informed and are able to support what they say
with facts and examples that are true.
They are logical with developed reasoning skills and the
ability to draw conclusions and reach decisions.
They are accountable taking responsibility for their
information, decisions and actions.
They are reliable which means they can be trusted to keep
their word even if a decision may not benefit them.
Competent Communicators are…

Accessible - They tend to value positive
relationships with peers, supervisors, and
clients. They are open and approachable.
They are seen as caring, likable, and
pleasant to be around.
Why are communication skills important?

Determines your success:




In school
On the job
In relationships
Every aspect of your life
Levels of Communication
There are _5 Levels of Communication

___________
Intrapersonal Communication







Communication with ones self
Sound of your ________.
thinking
The little voice from within.
Self concept; self awareness
__________.
It is the basis of your feelings, biases, prejudices, and
beliefs.
Examples are when you make any kind of decision – what to eat or
wear. When you think about something – what you want to do on
the weekend or when you think about another person.
You can also communicate with yourself when you dream at night.
There are 5 Levels of Communication

___________
Interpersonal Communication
 Involves two
___ people.


Getting to know someone personally.
one-on-one
Sharing ideas and information on a “__________”
basis.

Through this kind of communication we maintain
relationships.

Examples are when you are talking to your friends. A teacher and
student discussing an assignment. A patient and a doctor
discussing a treatment. A manager and a potential employee
during an interview. Any one on one or informal communication.
There are 5 Levels of Communication

Group
_____ Communication



Three or more people
Ideal group size is ____
5-7 people.
Positive Characteristics:



Creates a better product if everyone actively participates.
creativity
Enhances __________.
Negative Characteristics:




Coalitions can form
___________
____________________
Majority and minorities can form
__________
Slackers
Examples would a team working together on a project, a
speaker and an assembly of people in the auditorium.
There are 5 Levels of Communication

Public
_____ Communication





Public Speaking
Responsibility to keep audience’s attention is on
Speaker
the ________.
Takes place when people gather in a unit that is
too large for everyone to be able to talk and
contribute.
Feedback from the audience is primarily
non-verbal
__________.
________:
Heckler one who agitates the speaker.
There are 5 Levels of Communication

_____
Mass Communication


Many people, in different places, at different times
can receive the same messages.
________________:
Electronic Media





___________:
Print Media


____________
Television
Internet
Film / movies
_______________
Radio
Newspaper & Magazines
A television commercial. A magazine article. Hearing a song on the radio.
Books, Newspapers, Billboards. The key is that you are reaching a large
amount of people without it being face to face. Feedback is generally
delayed with mass communication.
Why Study Speech
Communication?
Why Study Speech Communication?



_________
None of us communicates as effectively as
we could
developed
Speech is a skill
___ that needs to be _________.
Effective ______
speech is essential for effective
__________
participation in our democratic society.
first
Freedom of speech is protected by the ____
amendment. The spoken word of individuals
social change
remains a powerful force for ____________.
Why Study Speech Communication?

We have more _________,
technology more ______,
people
more destructive ________,
nations
weaponry more ______,
and more ________
problems than ever before in
history. So it is important that we be able to
work through our _______
conflicts by using effective
communication.