May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Draft PHY/MAC Specification for IEEE 802.22
Authors:
IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs
Date: 2006-05-15
Name
Company
Address
Phone
email
John Benko
France Telecom (FT)
USA
Soo-Young Chang
Huawei
USA
+1-916-278-6568
sychang@ecs.csus.edu
Yoon Chae Cheong
SAIT
Korea
+82-31-280-9501
Yc.cheong@samsung.com
Carlos Cordeiro
Philips
USA
+1 914 945-6091
Carlos.Cordeiro@philips.com
Wen Gao
Thomson Inc.
USA
+1-609-987-7308
wen.gao@thomson.net
Wendong Hu
STMicroelectronics
USA
+1-408-467-8410
Wendong.hu@st.com
Ramon Khalona
NextWave
USA
+1-760-710-2063
rkhalona@nextwavetel.com
Chang-Joo Kim
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-1230
cjkim@etri.re.kr
Hak-Sun Kim
Samsung Electro-Mechanics
Korea
+82-31-210-3500
hszic.kim@samsung.com
Stephen Kuffner
Motorola
USA
+1-847-538-4158
stephen.kuffner@motorola.com
Joy Laskar
Georgia Institute of Technology
USA
+1-404-894-5268
joy.laskar@ece.gatech.edu
Ying-Chang Liang
Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R)
Singapore
+65-68748225
ycliang@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Eli Sofer
Runcom
Israel
+972-544-997996
elisofer@runcom.co.il
John.Benko@francetelecom.com
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further
study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE
Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that
this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.
Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s),
including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of
patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair
Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have
questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee.org.>
Submission
Slide 1
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Co-Author(s):
Name
Company
Address
Phone
email
Paul Piggin
Cygnus
Myung-Sun Song
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-5046
mssong@etri.re.kr
Soon-Ik Jeon
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-5947
sijeon@etri.re.kr
Gwang-Zeen Ko
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-4862
gogogo@etri.re.kr
Sung-Hyun Hwang
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-1133
shwang@etri.re.kr
Bub-Joo Kang
ETRI
Korea
+82-42-860-5446
kbj64370@etri.re.kr
Chung Gu Kang
ETRI
Korea
+82-2-3290-3236
ccgkang@korea.ac.kr
KyungHi Chang
ETRI
Korea
+82-32-860-8422
khchang@inha.ac.kr
Yun Hee Kim
ETRI
Korea
+82-31-201-3793
yheekim@khu.ac.kr
Moon Ho Lee
ETRI
Korea
+82-63-270-2463
moonho@chonbuk.ac.kr
HyungRae Park
ETRI
Korea
+82-2-300-0143
hrpark@mail.hangkong.ac.kr
Martial Bellec
France Telecom
France
+33 2 99 12 48 06
Martial.Bellec@francetelecom.com
Denis Callonnec
France Telecom
France
+33-4-76-764412
Denis.Callonnec@francetelecom.com
Luis Escobar
France Telecom
France
+33-2-45-294622
Luis.Escobar@francetelecom.com
Francois Marx
France Telecom
France
+33-4-76-764109
Francois.Marx@francetelecom.com
Patrick Pirat
France Telecom
France
+33-2-99-124806
Ppirat.ext@francetelecom.com
Kyutae Lim
Georgia Institute of
Technology
USA
+1-404-385-6008
ktlim@ece.gatech.edu
Youngsik Hur
Georgia Institute of
Technology
USA
+1-404-385-6008
yshur @ece.gatech.edu
Submission
Slide 2
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Co-Author(s):
Name
Company
Address
Phone
email
Jianwei Zhang
Huawei
China
86-21-6864480824638
zhangjianwei@huawei.com
Linjun Lv
Huawei
China
86-755-28973119
lvlinjun@huawei.com
Lai Qian
Huawei
China
86-755-28973118
qlai@huawei.com
Jianhuan Wen
Huawei
China
86-755-28973121
wenjh@huawei.com
Vincent K. N. Lau
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7066
eeknlau@ee.ust.hk
Roger S. Cheng
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7072
eecheng@ee.ust.hk
Ross D. Murch
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7044
eermurch@ee.ust.hk
Wai Ho Mow
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7070
eewhmow@ee.ust.hk
Khaled Ben
Letaief
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7064
eekhaled@ee.ust.hk
Edward K. S. Au
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7086
eeedward@ee.ust.hk
Peter W. C. Chan
HKUST
Hong
Kong
852-2358-7086
peter@ee.ust.hk
Chee Wei Ang
I2R
Singapore
+65-68748225
angcw@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Anh Tuan Hoang
I2R
Singapore
+65-68748225
athoang@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Peng-Yong Kong
I2R
Singapore
+65-68748225
kongpy@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Yonghong Zeng
I2R
Singapore
+65-68748225
yhzeng@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Changlong Xu
I2R
Singapore
+65-68748225
clxu@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
I2R
Singapore
Ashok Kumar Marath
Submission
Francois Chin
I2R
ashok@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Slide 3 +65-68748225 ETRI, FT, Huawei,
Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
Singapore
+65-68748225
chinfrancois@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Co-Author(s):
Name
Company
Address
Yufei Blankenship
Motorola
USA
Yufei.Blankenship@motorola.com
Brian Classon
Motorola
USA
Brian.Classon@motorola.com
Fred Vook
Motorola
USA
Fred.Vook@motorola.com
Jeff Zhuang
Motorola
USA
Jeff.Zhuang@motorola.com
Kevin Baum
Motorola
USA
Kevin.Baum@motorola.com
Tim Thomas
Motorola
USA
Tim.Thomas@motorola.com
David Grandblaise
Motorola
France
+33 1 69 35 25 82
David.Grandblaise@motorola.com
Dagnachew Birru
Philips
USA
+1-914-945-6401
Dagnachew.Birru@philips.com
Kiran Challapali
Philips
USA
+1-914 945-6356
Kiran.challapali@philips.com
Vasanth Gaddam
Philips
USA
+1-914-945-6424
Vasanth.Gaddam@philips.com
Monisha Ghosh
Philips
USA
+1-914-945-6415
Monisha.Ghosh@philips.com
Zion Hadad
Runcom
Israel
+972544 560 655
Zionh@runcom.co.il
Duckdong Hwang
SAIT
Korea
+82-31-280-9513
duckdong.hwang@samsung.com
Chung Jaehak
SAIT
Korea
+82-32-860-8421
jchung@inha.ac.kr
Kim Jaemyeong
SAIT
Korea
+82-32-860-8420
jaekim@inha.ac.kr
Ashish Pandharipande
SAIT
Korea
+82-010-6335-7784
pashish@ieee.org
Yoo Sangjo
SAIT
Korea
+82-32-860-8304
sjyoo@inha.ac.kr
Kihong Kim
Samsung ElectroMechanics
Korea
Submission
Phone
email
kh607.kim@samsung.com
Slide 4
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Co-Author(s):
Name
Company
Address
Seongsoo Lee
Samsung Electro-Mechanics
Korea
Jeong Suk Lee
Samsung Electro-Mechanics
Korea
+82-31-210-3217
js0305.lee@samsung.com
Chang Ho Lee
Samsung Electro-Mechanics
Korea
+82-31-210-3217
changholee@samsung.com
Wangmyong Woo
Samsung Electro-Mechanics
Korea
+82-31-210-3217
wmwoo@samsung.com
David Mazzarese
Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
Korea
+82 10 3279 5210
d.mazzarese@samsung.com
Baowei Ji
Samsung Telecom America
USA
+1-972-761-7167
Baowei.ji@samsung.com
Changhoi Koo
Samsung Telecom
America
USA
+1-972-761-7934
ckoo@sta.samsung.com
Yinong Ding
Samsung Telecom
America
USA
+1-972-761-7975
yding@sta.samsung.com
Liwen Chu
STMicroelectronics
USA
408-467-8436
Liwen.chu@st.com
Kyeongsoo Kim
STMicroelectronics
USA
408-451-8137
Kyeongsoo.kim@st.com
George Vlantis
STMicroelectronics
USA
408-451-8109
george.vlantis@st.com
Max Muterspaugh
Thomson Inc.
USA
+1-317-587-3711
Max.muterspaugh@thomson.net
Hang Liu
Thomson Inc.
USA
+1-609-987-7335
hang.liu@thomson.net
Paul Knutson
Thomson Inc.
USA
+1-609-987-7314
paul.knutson@thomson.net
Josh Koslov
Thomson Inc.
USA
+1-609-987-7337
josh.koslov@thomson.net
Submission
Slide 5
Phone
email
sslee.rf@samsung.com
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Protection of Incumbents
• First and foremost requirement is protection of
incumbent services
– Broadcast TV
– Part 74 Subpart H Low Power Auxiliary Stations (i.e., wireless
microphones)
• Database and location techniques are not part of this
interoperability standard
• Mechanisms for incumbent awareness and avoidance
are built into the MAC and PHY
–
–
–
–
–
Submission
Distributed spectrum sensing
Quiet period and fast/fine sensing management
Measurements and clustering
Detection algorithms
Spectrum management
Slide 6
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Protection of Incumbents
• Protection of incumbents is the overarching
requirement and so deserves priority in the
presentation
• However, since this protection is so inextricably woven
into the system, the PHY and MAC have to be
introduced as a setting for these mechanisms
• Therefore, discussion of this topic will be distributed
throughout the presentation
Submission
Slide 7
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
Submission
Slide 8
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
Submission
Slide 9
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
WRAN Hierarchy
Public IP Network
SD
Service Provider IP Network
HA
AAA
ACR
ACR
집
CPE
WRAN
BS
집
집
집
• AAA : Authentication, Authorization and Account Server
• ACR : Access Control Router HA : Home Agent
Submission
Slide 10
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Deployment Scenario
집
집
집
WRAN
Base Station
집
집
집
집
집
Wireless
MIC
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
TV Transmitter
WRAN
Base Station
집
집
집
집
집
집
WRAN
Repeater
집
집
Wireless
MIC
: WRAN Base Station
Typical ~33km
Max. 100km
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
: CPE
집
집
집
Submission
Slide 11
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
System Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OFDMA both in uplink and downlink
2K FFT mandatory
TDD mandatory, FDD optional
10 msec frame duration
16-frame superframe
QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, transformed-QPSK
Rate 1/2 through rate 5/6 coding
30 - 32 sub-channels per TV channel
Data rate range from 4.8Mbps to 72.6Mbps (with
optional channel bonding and channel aggregation)
Submission
Slide 12
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
System Parameters
Parameters
Specification
Frequency range
54~862 MHz
Service coverage
Typical range 33 km
Remark
Bandwidth
• Mandatory: 6, 7, 8 MHz
Optional fractional use of TV channel and
channel bonding up to 3 contiguous TV
channels. Channel aggregation of
discontiguous channels.
Data rate
• Maximum: 72.6 Mbps
• Minimum: 4.8 Mbps
Maximum of 23 Mbps for 6 MHz
Spectral
Efficiency
• Maximum: 4.03 bits/s/Hz
• Minimum: 0.81 bits/s/Hz
Single TV channel BW of 6 MHz
Modulation
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM mandatory
Transmit power
Default 4W EIRP
Multiple Access
Adaptive OFDMA
Partial bandwidth allocation
FFT Mode
2K mandatory
1K / 4K optional, 2K / 4K / 6K for channel
bonding
Cyclic Prefix
Mode
Duplex
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
Network topology
Point-to-Multipoint Network
Submission
TDD mandatory
FDD supported
Slide 13
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
Submission
Slide 14
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
FFT Mode for WRAN Systems
No. of Bonded Channels
1
2
3
1K
1K
2K
NA
2K
2K
4K
6K
4K
4K
NA
NA
Basic FFT mode
Submission
Slide 15
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Subcarrier Spacing and Symbol Duration (2K)
Inter-carrier
spacing,
DF (Hz)
FFT/IFFT period,
TFFT (ms)
TSYM
= TFFT + TGI
(ms)
Submission
6 MHz based
channels
(6, 12 and 18 MHz)
7 MHz based
channels
(7, 14 and 21 MHz)
8 MHz based
channels
(8, 16 and 24 MHz)
6 106
= 3348.214
256  7
7 106
= 3906.25
256  7
8 106
= 4464.286
256  7
298.666
256.000
224.000
GI = TFFT/32
GI = TFFT/16
GI = TFFT/8
GI = TFFT/4
6MHz
308.000
317.333
336.000
373.333
7MHz
264.000
272.000
288.000
320.000
8MHz
231.000
238.000
252.000
280.000
Slide 16
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Channel Bonding Structure
• 6K FFT over 3 TV channels
• Fixed inter-carrier spacing
– 2K per TV channel
– Null out the outer carriers for 1
or 2 TV channels
– Several implementation
possibilities
Data
Sub-carrier
DC
6 MHz
6 MHz
Pilot
Sub-carrier
DC
12 MHz
Guard/Null
Sub-carrier
12 MHz
DC
18 MHz
18 MHz
Submission
Slide 17
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Fractional Bandwidth Usage
• If wireless microphones are in operation in TV channel, the
WRAN systems must clear the entire TV channel
• The number of used sub-carriers is proportional to the
fractional bandwidth
• The fractional BW mode is identified by using a Preamble
• Example:
Incumbent or other CR user
Other
CR useruser)
(except
microphone
TV channel
Microphone user
f
6 MHz
Submission
6 MHz
Fractional use
of TV channel
Slide 18
Unused(6 MHz)
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Subchannelization
Subcarrier Allocation
Uniformly Distributed
Subcarrier permutation
Adjacent
Subcarrier Permutation
Band type
Adjacent
Subcarrier Permutation
Distributed
Subcarrier permutation
• Each subchannel consists of a
group of adjacent subcarriers
• Bands in good state are selected
for data transmission
• Multiuser diversity
• Require more feedback
information than distributed
subcarrier allocation type
Submission
Scattered type
Slide 19
• Each subchannel consists of
distributed subcarriers within an
OFDM symbol
• Only the average CINR over all
subcarriers is required
• For users with high frequency
selectivity or far distant users
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
OFDMA Parameters: Status
Nc = #
of subCH
Nd = #
of data
carriers/
sub-CH
Np = # of
pilots/subCH
Nd+Np
# of used
carriers
Remarks
ETRI
30
28
48
52
28
8
4
56
56*30 = 1680
Worst CH
Medium CH
Best CH
I2R
32
48
4 or 6
52 or 54
52*32=1664
or
54*32=1728
Philips
32
48
6
(would
agree to 4)
54
54*32=1728
Runcom has also proposed single channel parameters based on 802.16e
PUSC (1680 used sc) and FUSC (1702 used sc)
Submission
Slide 20
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Frame Structure
...
frame n-1
frame n
...
frame n+1
Time
MAC Slot Number
k
s
k+1
FCH
s+1
k+3
k+5
k+7
k+9
k+11
k+13
k+15
k+17
k+20
k+23
k+29
Ranging
Burst CPE #1
UCS Notification
Burst CPE #3
Burst CPE #1
DS-MAP
Preamble
Burst CPE #2
Burst CPE #4
Selfcoexistence
BW Request
Burst CPE #2
TV Channel N
Selfcoexistence
s+2
Logical MAC Channel Number
k+26
TV Channel N+1
Burst CPE #3
Burst CPE #5
Burst CPE #4
Burst CPE #5
Burst CPE #7
Burst CPE #6
Burst CPE #6
US-MAP
Burst CPE #8
Burst CPE #7
Burst CPE #9
Burst CPE #8
s+L
TTG
DS
Submission
RTG
US
Slide 21
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Frame Element Definitions
• Preamble – synchronization, channel estimation
– Long training sequence and optional short training sequence
– There’s also an upstream burst preamble
• FCH – frame control header, info on size of DS- and US- MAP and
channel descriptors (PHY characteristics)
• MAPs – resource scheduling info for user bursts
• Ranging – timing offset, power adjustment
• UCS – urgent coexistence situation, incumbent detection report
• BW Request – self-explanatory
• SSS - sliding self-coexistence slots – used by coexistence beacon to
improve coexistence with neighbors
• BCH – burst control header for upstream – ID information
Submission
Slide 22
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Superframe Structure
...
Superframe n-1
Preamble
SCH
Superframe n
frame 0
...
Superframe n+1
...
frame 1
Time
frame m
Occupied by Incumbent
Frequency
Occupied by Incumbent
TV Channel
Preamble SCH
t-1
TV Channel
Preamble SCH
t
Frame
0
Frame
1
...
Frame
m-2
(Quiet)
Frame
m-1
TV Channel
Preamble SCH
t+1
Preamble SCH
Frame
m
... Frame
0
Frame
1
Frame
n
Preamble SCH
Occupied by Incumbent
Time
Submission
Slide 23
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Superframe Element Definitions
• Preamble – synchronization, channel estimation
– Two symbols long with 5 short and 2 long training sequences
• SCH – superframe control header – info on system
type, channel, channel bonding, quiet periods (time to,
duration of)
Submission
Slide 24
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Channel Coding
• Convolutional Coding (mandatory)
– Rate ½, other rates by puncturing
– Constraint length 7
• Optional Advanced Codes
– Duo-binary Convolutional Turbo Coding (DB-CTC)
• see 8.5.2.2
– Low-Density Parity Check Coding (LDPC)
• see 8.5.2.3
– Shortened block turbo codes (SBTC)
• see 8.5.2.4
Submission
Slide 25
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Sensing
• Proposed methods still remain to be evaluated and compared (Tiger
Team)
• Several techniques were introduced at previous meetings and have been
included in the PHY spec in section 8.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Energy detection (full bandwidth or pilot)
Multi-resolution spectrum sensing and Analog auto correlation
PN511 or PN63 sequence detection
Segment sync detector
Cyclostationary feature detection
Spectral correlation
Optimal radiometer
• Primary waveforms are DTV and analog FM for wireless microphones
– 802.22 TG1 beacon in MAC Section 6.21.1.7.x
– More on this later
Submission
Slide 26
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Multiple Antenna Options
• The following options are under consideration (Sec. 8.10)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Equal Gain Transmit Beamforming Using Codebooks
Downlink Closed Loop SDMA
Adaptive Beam-Forming Techniques
Space Time Block Coding (STBC)
Combined Diversity/Spatial multiplexing/Delay Management
Virtual MIMO
• Final decisions on which ones are included will be based
on performance and complexity
• Please also refer to Samsung contribution on EIRP
analysis
• MAC already provides support for multiple antennas
Submission
Slide 27
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
Submission
Slide 28
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Reference Architecture
(Channel Aggregation support)
Higher Layers: IP, ATM, 1394, etc.
Convergence Sublayer / Bridge (e.g., 802.1d)
MAC
MAC
MAC
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY/MAC 1
PHY/MAC 2
PHY/MAC n
...
Spectrum Manager
Spectrum Manager
– facilitates use of non-contiguous channels (channel aggregation)
– responsible for maintaining global view of target RF spectrum
– assigns spectrum to MAC/PHY modules
Submission
Slide 29
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
MAC View of Frame
...
frame n-1
frame n
Can appear in
either DS or US
DS subframe
Sliding selfcoexistence
slots
DS PHY PDU
Preamble
FCH
DS burst 1
Bcast
Msgs
DS burst 2
US subframe
Initialization
slots
BW request
slots
DS burst x
UCS
Notification
Slots
MAC Payload
US PHY PDU
(CPE m)
Preamble
MAC
PDUs
MAC PDU 1
MAC
Header
...
BCH
MAC PDU 1
... MAC PDU y
CRC
MAC
Header
Pad
Time
...
frame n+1
MAC Payload
...
US PHY PDU
(CPE p)
US burst
... MAC PDU k
Pad
CRC
PDU – protocol data unit
CRC – cyclic redundancy check
Header – PDU length, connection ID, encryption
Submission
Slide 30
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
MAC Frame Slotted Structure
...
frame n-1
frame n
frame n+1
...
Adaptive
N slots
Downstream (and Upstream)
Upstream
• Each frame is formed by an integral number of MAC
slots
– 1 MAC slot = 1 modulation symbol
• Boundary between upstream and downstream is
adaptive to accommodate traffic asymmetry
Submission
Slide 31
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Time
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Network Entry and Initialization
• BS initialization…
– Consult TV usage database and regional WRAN information
database to identify candidate channels
– Perform sensing to confirm vacancy of channels
– Establish operation on a vacant channel
• The CPE will…
– Scan a previous list of candidate channels or all downstream
channels until it finds a valid downstream signal
– After acquiring the SCH, sense on all relevant channels
surrounding operating channel
– Obtain upstream and downstream parameters and perform initial
ranging
• See sections 6.15.1+
Submission
Slide 32
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Network Entry and Initialization
• The CPE needs to be sure that its communications will
not cause harmful interference before it first transmits
• If a CPE inside of a protected contour can both detect
the incumbent and synchronize to the co-channel BS, it
will not associate with the BS
• However, if allowed it may send a short message to
alert the BS to the presence of the incumbent
• See section 6.15
Submission
Slide 33
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Ranging
• Downstream management
– If CPE CINR falls below the range required for the specified burst
profile, the CPE requests transition to a new burst profile
– See section 6.17.1
• Upstream management
– Consists of two procedures:
• Initial ranging allows a CPE to join a network and acquire correct Tx
parameters
• Periodic ranging allows the CPE to maintain upstream communications
– For periodic ranging, timers must be maintained for each channel in
DFH operation
– The algorithm is described in section 6.17.2
Submission
Slide 34
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
QoS
• The service model is similar to that specified in 802.16
• The primary purpose is to define transmission ordering
and scheduling over the air interface
• Packets traversing the MAC interface are associated
into a service flow as identified by the connection
identifier (CID)
• A service flow is characterized by a set of parameters
such as latency, jitter, and throughput assurances
• See section 6.20.x
Submission
Slide 35
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Channel Grouping and Matching
CH-1 MAP
Burst#4
DS
Burst#2
Burst#5
DS
Burst #3
time
Burst #1
Multi-CH Resource Allocation by CH Grouping:
The size of both FA-1 MAP and FA-3 MAP can be reduced
by using the Channel Grouping and Matching
which is managed by SM (Spectrum Manager)
CH-3 MAP
Burst #6
After Matching
and Grouping
CH
Matching
1’
3’
1
CH-1MAP
Burst #3
3’
Burst #1
Burst#2
Before Matching
and Grouping
Submission
CH
Matching
BS
CPE 1
CH Grouping:
To select a group of
CPE’s that are assigned
to the same channel
3
3
CH Matching:
To select (US and
DS) active set 1 for
individual CPE
Slide 36
CPE 3
CPE 2
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Dynamic Frequency Hopping
• An optional feature when the number of vacant channels exceeds the
number of neighboring BSs
• Avoids inband quiet periods and interruptions to service by hopping
to other vacant channels for operation while sensing is performed on
the previously occupied channels and other channels
• Regular periodic channel maintenance is combined with DFH to
minimize frequency switching latency
> 30 seconds
<2s
Channel
Non-occupancy
Time
2 seconds
Incumbent detected
Ch X
Channel
Availability Check
Channel
Set Up
Channel Sensing
Transmission
& Channel
Maintenance
<2s
Ch Y
Channel Availability Check
Channel
Set Up
Channel Sensing
2 seconds
Channel Sensing
Transmission
& Channel
Maintenance
<2s
Ch Z
Submission
Channel Availability Check
Channel
Set Up
Channel
Sensing
Transmission
& Channel
Maintenance
…...
Channel
Sensing
…...
2 seconds
Channel Sensing
Slide 37
Transmission
& Channel
Maintenance
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Clean Sensing for DFH
• “N+1” Rule and Phase Shifting operation
• 3 WRAN systems share 4 channels using DFH with clean sensing
• See section 6.16.6 for more info
Quiet Time
Ch A
WRAN 1
Operation Periond
WRAN 2
WRAN 3
WRAN 1
Ch B
Ch C
WRAN 3
Ch D
WRAN 2
Submission
WRAN 1
WRAN 2
WRAN 1
WRAN 3
WRAN 2
WRAN 3
WRAN 2
WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 3
WRAN 2
Slide 38
WRAN 3
WRAN 1
WRAN 2
WRAN 1
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 2
WRAN 1
WRAN 2
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Incumbent Coexistence
• See section 6.21.1.4.x
• A comprehensive set of measurement and spectrum
management commands is available
• Urgent coexistence situations can be reported through
fields in the MAC header or through the UCS slots
• Sensing can be in-band (where quiet periods are
required) and out-of-band (no quiet period required)
• In-band incumbent detection can take place during two
phases
– Quiet Periods; and
– Normal System Operation (e.g., opportunistic in-band sensing)
Submission
Slide 39
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Incumbent Coexistence
• During Quiet Period Notification Phase
– BS limits its downstream traffic so that ample time is allocated for CPEs
to report
– The BS indicates this to the CPEs through the MDP (measurement data
preferred) field in the US-MAP
– CPEs with allocated BW that did not detect the incumbent can still use the
US to transmit data
– Unresponsive CPEs are pursued to determine the source of the problem
– Only CPEs without US BW should use the UCS slots
• During Normal System Operation
– CPEs with allocated BW send a BLM-REP (bulk measurement report)
with priority over other pending traffic
– If there’s insufficient BW, the CPE may use fields in the MAC header
– CPEs without allocated BW use UCS slots
Submission
Slide 40
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Incumbent Detection Recovery
• To recover from an UCS, protocols are needed that
enable the network to restore normal operation
• Backup channels are relied upon to quickly re-establish
communications
– Backup channels should be completely disjoint from the affected
channel to minimize the probability that the backup channel is also
impaired
• In the event that no vacant channels remain, CPEs
periodically monitor the status of a channel and inform
the BS via the MAC header fields if the channel
becomes available again
• See section 6.21.5.x
Submission
Slide 41
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Class B CPE for Part 74 Protection
• 802.22 TG1 is currently preparing to address enhanced protection
mechanisms for hard-to-detect Part 74 low power auxiliary devices
• One possible method is to use a special class (class B) CPE as a
beacon
• This CPE is initially tuned to the desired channel of Part 74
operation
• If no SCH are detected after a timeout, the channel is assumed
unoccupied by WRANs
– But it will continue to search for SCH during normal operation
• If SCH are detected, the QP info is used to build a QP map for all
area WRANs to find QP opportunities
• Beacons are transmitted during the best QPs to maximize
detection
• See section 6.21.1.7.x
Submission
Slide 42
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Hidden Incumbent Systems
• If a CPE cannot detect the BS due to strong
interference from an incumbent, a “hidden incumbent”
situation results – See section 6.16.4
• The BS can remedy this situation by periodically
broadcasting out-band signaling on other vacant
channels
• The CPE can respond on one of these channels and
alert the BS to the hidden incumbent situation
• The BS responds to the alert by changing the operating
channel
Submission
Slide 43
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Quiet Period Management for Sensing
• Sensing is a two-stage process
– Stage 1: Fast sensing
– Stage 2: Only if needed, perform fine sensing
Channel Detection Time
Fast sensing
Channel Detection Time
Fast sensing
Fine sensing
Fine sensing
BS1
Time
Fast sensing
Fine sensing
802.22 Transmission
• The fast sensing is performed in-band only
• Based on the fast sensing outcome, BS determines the need for the
next fine sensing and the required time
• The synchronization of overlapping BSs makes this scheme highly
reliable
Submission
Slide 44
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Opportunistic In-band Sensing
• Use common “sensing-eligible” frames to do in-band
sensing
• A “sensing-eligible” frame is:
– A frame with no traffic, i.e. no US or DS traffic
– A frame at which the backlogged traffic (both US and DS) is less
than the remaining capacity in the current superframe and no
sensing frame has been allocated in the superframe
– The last frame of the superframe and no sensing frame has been
allocated in the superframe
• A “sensing-eligible” frame is designated as a sensing
frame if it is not marked for use for out-of-band sensing
Submission
Slide 45
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Distributed Quiet Period
• When multiple CPEs are operating on different aggregate
channels, a hidden node can result if the CPEs only sense on
their active channel
• Meanwhile the BS is broadcasting on all aggregated channels
and interference to the incumbent results
Submission
Slide 46
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Distributed Quiet Period
• This situation can be remedied by distributing the quiet period
• Each channel is interrupted only once using DQP, while
simultaneous QP would require 3x interruption in this
example
• See section 6.16.7.1
Submission
Slide 47
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Self-Coexistence
• CMAC addresses self-coexistence amongst overlapping cells in two
mandatory ways:
– BS beacon (i.e., SCH) based
– The Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP), which enables:
• Sharing in time and frequency
• Dynamic resource offering and renting
• Etiquette for channel assignment
• CBP follows a best effort model that:
–
–
–
–
Allows for direct BS-to-BS communication and communication via CPEs
The overlapping BSs synchronization mechanism makes it highly reliable
Can be implemented either over-the-air or via a backbone
Allow either one-way or two-way (i.e., negotiation) communication
• The CBP packet consists of a preamble (different than the
superframe preamble) followed by the SCH with the CT (content
type) field set and a CBP MAC PDU
Submission
Slide 48
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Spectrum Contention
• Three options are described
• Spectrum Renting/Offering (Sec. 6.21.2.3.1)
– Offerers share active and candidate channel sets with potential
renter
– Renter chooses from union of neighbor’s candidate channels and
informs neighbors of choice and required rental time
• Credit Tokens (Sec. 6.21.2.3.5)
– Neighboring BSs trying to share a resource negotiate rental fees
using psuedo-monetary credit tokens from an initial reserve
– By sharing resources, a BS can accumulate tokens to build up its
reserve for future rentals (incentive for sharing)
Submission
Slide 49
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Spectrum Contention
•
•
•
•
•
On-Demand Spectrum Contention (Sec. 6.21.2.3.4)
Negotiation based distributed spectrum sharing mechanism
Contention number exchange and comparison
Iteratively driven by internal or external demands for spectrum sharing
Allow different contention strategies and flexible strategy adaptation
Initialization
Request/responses
via Control Channel
On-Demand
Spectrum Contention
Channel Evaluation
and Selection
Sharing the
selected channel
feasible?
Internal
Demand
No
BS 3
BS 1
BS 2
Selected channel
occupied by
802.22 systems?
Yes
Yes
No
System1
Contention for owning
the selected channel
a
b
a
System 3
External
Demand
Success ?
No
Yes
Contention request
System2
Transmissions with
the selected channel
Operation interval
a
c
Contention response
Grace Period
Transmissions without
the selected channel
Data Transmissions
Submission
Slide 50
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Channel Switch Procedure
•
•
WRAN system builds a candidate channel list using distributed sensing
When incumbent users and other WRAN systems are detected in the current
operating channel,
–
–
–
–
•
Meanwhile the WRAN system senses CHselect for incumbent signals and other
WRAN systems
–
–
•
The BS selects a channel CHselect from the candidate channel list, either randomly or based on
some algorithms
Randomly selects a wait time twait from a time window [ Tmin, Tmax ]
Starts a wait timer with Twait as the expiration time
Advertises the channel selection using a backhaul channel or WRAN air interface before
jumping to CHselect
If the channel CHselect is still idle/available, it jumps to CHselect when the wait timer expires
If incumbent signals or other WRAN systems exist in CHselect , it goes back to the beginning
to select another channel from the candidate channel list or its previously operated channel if
occupied by incumbent users
If collision occurs after channel switch, it increase tmax and goes back to the
beginning to select another channel from the candidate channel list or its
previously operated channel if not occupied by incumbent users
–
Submission
Otherwise, it decreases Tmax and removes CHselect from the candidate channel list
Slide 51
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
MAC Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) Support
• Frame structure simultaneously supports AAS and
non-AAS traffic
• CPE uses preamble for downstream sync
• Network entry and initialization
– CPE decodes FCH if able
– Alternatively, BS can reserve portion of superframe as initial
ranging/contention slots
• Channel state via reciprocity or feedback
– MAC control messages
– Piggyback on existing measurement reports
Submission
Slide 52
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
CPE Maximum Transmit Power Control (TPC)
• CPE can operate co- or adjacent channel provided it is
outside of the protected contour
• On other channels surrounding a TV channel, a CPE
must abide by TPC defined by an EIRP profile
• All active TV channels in the area within ±15 channels
will contribute to the profile
• Flowcharts and examples are shown in 6.13.5.x
Submission
Slide 53
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Pending Items
• Some items reviewed by the proposal team did not
reach consensus (for a variety of reasons) in time for
the May meeting but are still considered worthy of
continued consideration
• These items need to be exposed to the WG so they are
not “in the dark”
Submission
Slide 54
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
May 2006
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Pending Items
•
PHY
– FT: OQAM/IOTA
– I2R: Block spreading
– Runcom: Macro-diversity
•
MAC
– FT: OFDMA subcarrier slot sensing
– Huawei
•
•
•
•
MAC management message
Guard interval for quiet period
Efficient control signaling for downlink allocated resources information broadcast
Effective and flexible structures for CPE CSIT collection
– I2R
• Hidden incumbent problem
• Adaptive TDD
– Samsung: Uninterrupted frame synchronization and channel estimation
– STM
• Inter-BS communications
• DFH community
Submission
Slide 55
ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola,
NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson