18.1 Imperialism and America
A. Global competition
A1.Imperialism- the policy in which
stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military
control over weaker territories
A2. Americans believed in imperialism
with the idea of manifest destiny.
A3. 3 factors fueled American
imperialism
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B. Desire for military strength
desire for military strength
thirst for new markets
belief in cultural superiority
B1. Other countries started to build up
their military so the US followed
suit
B2. Built up the US navy in 7yrs to
become the 3rd largest in the
world
13A
US NAVY
Great White Fleet’s Route
C. Thirst for new markets
D. Belief in cultural superiority
E. Cry for annexation
C1. US was overproducing certain
goods so they looked to other
countries for trade
D1. US believed in cultural, racial,
and religious superiority over
weaker countries
E1. Hawaii produced the main
sugar supply for the US in 1875
b/c it was duty free
E2. McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked
the duty free status of Hawaii
which meant Hawaii now faced
competition in the US market
E3. US pressured Hawaii to build a
naval base at Pearl Harbor
6A
F. End of a monarchy
F1. US ambassador
overthrew Queen
Liliuokalani and setup a
govt. run by senator
Dole
F2. President Cleveland
recognized the republic
of Hawaii but refused
annexation unless a
majority of Hawaiians
wanted it
F3. 1898 congress
proclaimed Hawaii an
American territory
18.2 The Spanish-American War
A. American interest in Cuba
A1. 1854 President Pierce tried
to buy Cuba from Spain, but
they refused
A2. US helped Cuba to fight for
freedom from Spain, but it
failed
B. Headline wars
B1. Yellow journalism – style of
writing that American
journalist used to show the
brutality of the Spanish to
Cubans. It exaggerated the
news to lure and encourage
readers
8A / 7D
Yellow Journalism
C. The De Lome letter
C1. De Lome letter criticized the
American president and made
more Americans sympathize
with the Cubans
D. USS Maine explodes
D1. Ship blew up in the harbor of
Havana
D2. 260 men killed
D3. No one knows why the ship
exploded
D4. Newspapers claimed that the
Spanish blew up the ship
E. War in the Philippines
E1. 1st battle of the SpanishAmerican war was fought on
the Philippine Islands
E2. George Dewey with American
troops and Filipino rebels
fought for the independence of
the Philippines
E3. Spain surrendered
F. The war in the Caribbean
F1. US placed a blockade on Cuba
F2. US army was weak
G. Rough Riders
G1. Rough Riders – Volunteer
cavalry under the command of
Teddy Roosevelt
G2. San Juan Hill – Rough Riders
cleared the way for the victory 2
days later the war was over
H. Treaty of Paris
I. Debate over treaty
H1. US + Spain signed an armistice
H2. Treaty of Paris – Spain freed
Cuba and turned over Guam +
Puerto Rico to the US
H3. Spain also sold the Philippines
to the US for 20 million
I1. Debate over if the US had the
right to annex the Philippines
I2. 1899 congress approved the
annexation of the Philippines
2D / 8D
Rough Riders
18.3 Acquiring New Lands
A. Return to civil govt.
A1. Foraker act- ended military
rule in Puerto Rico and set
up a civil govt.
A2. Act gave power to the US
presidents to appoint
governors and members of
the upper house
A3. Gave the right for Puerto
Ricans to be US citizens
B. American soldiers
B1. US controlled Cuba the
same as Spain
B2. US provided food, clothing,
gave people land, and
organized schools
C. Platt Amendment
C1. Cuba wrote its own constitution
C2. Since they did not specify a
relationship with the US, the US
added the Platt amendment
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Cuba could not make treaties that
limited its independence
Cuba was not to go into debt
US could buy or lease land for
naval stations
C3. Cuba was a US Protectorate- a
country whose affairs are partially
controlled by a stronger power
D. Philippine-American war
E. Aftermath of the war
D1. Filipinos rose up against the US
D2. US had harsh control over the
Island which killed many Filipinos
E1. Set up a govt. similar to that in
Puerto Rico
E2. Philippines would eventually
become an indep. republic
4D
F. John Hay’s open door notes
G. Boxer rebellion in China
F1. Letters addressed to the leaders of
imperialist nations proposing that the
nations share their trading rights with
the US
F2. No single nation would have a
monopoly
F3. Create an open door policy with China
G1. Europeans dominate China’s trade
G2. Boxers were anti-Christian and
European
G3. Army of foreign troops marched to the
capital putting down the boxer
rebellion
H. Protecting American rights
H1. US pledge to protect China
H2. US depended on exports
H3. Us had a right to intervene abroad to
keep foreign market open
H4. They feared that the closing of an area
to American products, citizens, or
ideas threatened US survival
3A
18.4 America as a World Power
A. Roosevelt the peacemaker
B. Panama Canal
A1. Roosevelt helped negotiate
the peace treaty b/w Russia
and Japan
A2. Won the noble peace prize
B1. US needed a canal that cut
across Central America
B2. US had to get permission
from Colombia who ruled
Panama
B3. This called for a
Panamanian rebellion
against Columbia
11A
Roosevelt in Latin America
C. Constructing the canal
D. Roosevelt Corollary
C1. Cost 380 million
C2. Took ten years to build the canal
D1. Many Latin American countries had
borrowed money from European
countries to build RRs
D2. Roosevelt thought European
countries would try to reclaim their
lands
D3. Roosevelt Corollary- US would use
force to protect its economic
interest in Latin America
D4. Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use
military force
E. Dollar Diplomacy
E1. Using the US govt. to guarantee
loans made to foreign countries by
American business (Taft)
F. Moral Diplomacy
(Missionary Diplomacy)
F. Moral obligation- US was to promote
moral progress in world. (Wilson)
12D / 10A / 9D