18.1 Imperialism and America
1. Global competition
Imperialism- the policy in which
stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military
control over weaker territories
Americans believed in imperialism with
the idea of manifest destiny.
3 factors fueled American imperialism
–
–
–
2. Desire for military strength
desire for military strength
thirst for new markets
belief in cultural superiority
Other countries started to build up their
military so the US followed suit
Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become
the 3rd largest in the world
13A
US NAVY
Great White Fleet’s Route
3. Thirst for new markets
US was overproducing certain
goods so they looked to other
countries for trade
4. Belief in cultural superiority
US believed in Social Darwinism belief in a cultural, racial, and
religious superiority over
weaker countries
5. Cry for annexation
Hawaii produced the main sugar
supply for the US in 1875 b/c it
was duty (tax) free
McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the
duty free status of Hawaii which
meant Hawaii now faced
competition in the US market
US then pressured Hawaii to build
a naval base at Pearl Harbor
6A
6. End of a monarchy
US ambassador overthrew
Queen Liliuokalani and
setup a govt. run by
Senator Dole
President Cleveland
recognized the republic
of Hawaii but refused
annexation unless a
majority of Hawaiians
wanted it
1898 congress proclaimed
Hawaii an American
territory
18.2 The Spanish-American War
7. American interest in Cuba
1854 President Franklin Pierce
tried to buy Cuba from
Spain, but they refused
US helped Cuba to fight for
freedom from Spain in the
1890s
8. Propaganda Journalism
Yellow journalism – style of
propaganda that American
journalist used to show the
brutality of the Spanish to
Cubans.
8A / 7D
Yellow Journalism
9. The De Lome letter
10. USS Maine explodes
11. War in the Philippines
De Lome letter criticized the American
president and made more
Americans sympathize with the
Cubans
Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana,
Cuba
260 men killed
No one knows why the ship exploded
Newspapers claimed that the Spanish
blew up the ship
1st battle of the Spanish-American War
was fought on the Philippine
Islands
George Dewey with American troops
and Filipino rebels fought for the
independence of the Philippines
Spain surrendered
12. The war in the Caribbean
US placed a blockade on Cuba
US army was weak
13. Rough Riders
Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry
under the command of Teddy
Roosevelt
Battle of San Juan Hill – famous victory
of Roosevelt’s Rough Riders which
led to the American victory in Cuba
14. Treaty of Paris
US + Spain signed an armistice
Treaty of Paris – Spain freed Cuba and
turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to
the US
Spain also sold the Philippines to the
US for 20 million
15. Debate over treaty
Debate over if the US had the right to
annex the Philippines
1899 - Congress approved the
annexation of the Philippines
2D / 8D
Rough Riders
18.3 Acquiring New Lands
16. Return to civil govt.
Foraker act- ended military rule in
Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt.
Act gave power to the US presidents to
appoint governors and members of
the upper house
Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be
US citizens
17. American control of Cuba
US gained a share of control in Cuba,
but did not govern it as a colony
- Teller Amendment: prohibited
annexation of Cuba
US provided food, clothing, gave
people land, and organized schools
18. Platt Amendment
Cuba wrote its own constitution
Since they did not specify a
relationship with the US, the US
added the Platt amendment
–
–
–
Cuba could not make treaties that
limited its independence
Cuba was not to go into debt
US could buy or lease land for naval
stations (Guantanamo Bay)
Cuba was a US Protectorate- a country
whose affairs are partially
controlled by a stronger power
19. Philippine-American war
20. Aftermath of the war
Filipinos rose up against the US
US had harsh control over the Island
and killed many Filipinos
Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto
Rico
Philippines would eventually become
an independent republic
4D
21. John Hay’s open door notes
22. Boxer rebellion in China
23. Why America fought in China
Letters addressed to the leaders of
imperialist nations proposing that the
nations share their trading rights with
the US
No single nation would have a monopoly
Created an open door policy with China
Europeans dominate China’s trade
Boxers were anti-Christian and antiEuropean
Army of foreign troops (including US
troops) fought against and ended the
rebellion
US pledged to protect Chinese trade
US was dependent on exports
US had a right to intervene abroad to keep
foreign market open
They feared that the closing of an area to
American products, citizens, or ideas
could threatened the economy
3A
18.4 America as a World Power
24. Roosevelt the peacemaker
Roosevelt helped negotiate the
peace treaty in the RussoJapanese War
Won the Nobel Peace Prize
25. Panama Canal
US needed a canal that cut
across Central America
US had to get permission from
Colombia who ruled Panama
This resulted in a Panamanian
rebellion against Columbia
11A
Roosevelt in Latin America
26. Constructing the canal
Cost 380 million dollars (billions today)
Took ten years to build the canal
27. Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary- US would use
force to protect its economic
interest in Latin America from
European nations
Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use
military force
Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
28. Dollar Diplomacy
Using the US govt. to guarantee loans
made to foreign countries by
American business (Taft)
29. Moral Diplomacy
(Missionary Diplomacy)
Moral obligation- US was to promote
moral progress in world. (Wilson)