1.2 Let’s Play Safe
1.3 Drawing Scientist Tools
1.4 Using the Bunsen Burner
Refer to page 5 of your notes
• The science laboratory can be a
dangerous place if you are not careful.
• There are certain rules that must be
followed for your own safety and for the
safety of everyone else in the room.
Refer to page 5 of your notes
Refer to page 4 of your notes
Activity Time (page 6)
Look carefully at the drawing below and find
all of the rules that are being broken in the
science laboratory
Pour substance down the sink
•Mixing chemicals without
the teachers’ permission
Throwing rubbish / pouring
chemicals into the washing basin
Test tube pointing to own’s
face and partner’s face
Eating in the science lab.
Playing and pushing in the lab
Smelling chemicals without teachers’ permission
Loose papers close to the Bunsen flame
This will be done in the lab.
Hazard Symbols
Some of the chemicals that you use in the laboratory are potentially
harmful. Hazard labels are used to label such chemicals to alert you
to the type of hazards present.
Refer to page 7 of your notes
1. All laboratory apparatus should be drawn in outline only
and in their correct proportion.
2. Do NOT draw a 3-dimensional outlines for
laboratory apparatus.
3. Draw sectional diagrams of the apparatus that your teacher
shows you.
4. You may make use of the template of laboratory
apparatus sold in the school bookstores or included in
your mathematical set.
Laboratory Apparatus
Diagram
Purpose
For transferring
For supporting
liquids into a flask apparatus during
experiments
For separating an
insoluble solid from a
liquid with the help of
a piece of filter paper
Name
thistle funnel
filter funnel
retort stand
Laboratory Apparatus
Diagram
Purpose
For separating an For supporting
experimental set- apparatus during
up from the
heating
outside
environment
For containing
chemicals or collecting
liquids
Name
bell jar
beaker
tripod stand
Laboratory Apparatus
Diagram
Purpose
For containing
chemicals when
preparing gases if
the process
requires no heating
For containing or heating
small amount of
substances
For measuring a volume
of liquid to an accuracy of
0.5 cm3
Name
flat-bottomed flask
test tube
Measuring Cylinder
Laboratory Apparatus (pg7)
Diagram
Purpose
For containing
chemicals or
collecting liquids
For containing water when For preparation of gases
collecting gases
if the process requires
heating
Name
conical flask
water trough
round-bottomed flask
Laboratory Apparatus
Diagram
Purpose
For evaporating a For collecting gases
liquid from a
solution
For heating solids
directly over a flame
Name
evaporating dish
Crucible
gas jar
Let’s try(page 7)
Name the apparatus C – H in the following figure.
thistle funnel
retort stand
round-bottom
flask
gas jar
tripod
Water trough
Refer to page 8 of your notes
To raise the flame to a suitable
height for burning
The Bunsen
Burner
To control the amount of air
entering the burner by
opening or closing the airholes
We will covering the
Bunsen burner in
the lab.
To enable the gas to rush
out from the gas supply
and to draw in air
To control the air entering the
Bunsen Burner
Gas Tap
To control the flow of gas to
the Bunsen Burner
Refer to page 8 of your notes
Types of flames
almost colourless
zone of complete
combustion
hottest part
Hottest
orange zone of
incomplete combustion
blue zone of partial
combustion
dark zone of unburnt gas
Bunsen burner
A non-luminous flame
1. occurs when the air-holes are open,
allowing air into the burner
2. blue
3. burns steadily
4. hotter than the luminous flame
5. hottest part of the flame is just above the
tip of the blue zone.
A luminous flame
1. occurs when the air-holes are closed and
very little air is allowed to mix with the gas
2. carbon particles are deposited on
apparatus
3. orange
4. appears flickering and unsteady
5. not very hot
Refer to page 9 of your notes
STRIKEBACK
1. occurs when there is too much
air entering air-hole
2. instead of burning at the top of the
barrel, the gas burns at the jet
3. when a strike back occurs, turn off
burner immediately
jet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWnSSvdMp5g
Refer to page 9 of your notes
HEATING LIQUID IN A BEAKER
1.
2.
3.
4.
put wire gauze on tripod stand
put beaker of liquid on it
light Bunsen burner and then push it under the tripod stand
turn off burner when the liquid reaches required temperature
Refer to page 9 of your notes
HEATING LIQUID IN A TEST-TUBE
1. hold test-tube with test-tube holder
2. ensure that the mouth of the test-tube is pointing away from myself and others
3. slant test-tube at an angle of about 45o and heat it in the hottest part of a
Bunsen flame
4. move the test-tube through flame
5. liquid to be heated should occupy no more than one-third test-tube
Let’s try(page 7)