Globalization: nation-states in
global flows
KGA171 The Global Geography of Change
Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford
Semester 1
Globalization – portmanteau and contested term
Protest in Hong-Kong against WTO in December 2005
Part 1
LOOKING FORWARD, LOOKING
BACK
Revising
Module 7 Lecture 1
1. Define the following and exemplify their
meanings:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
state
sovereign
territoriality
nation
regnum
dominium
2. What is the Peace of Westphalia and why is
it significant in relation to statehood?
3. What is meant by the assertion that a nationstate is an ideal alignment between shared
culture and territory?
4. What are the key spatial characteristics of
decolonization after 1945 and what
geopolitical trends do they represent?
5. What might Kurdistan, Sri Lanka and parts of
Spain and France have in common?
Man thinking
Learning Objectives
Module 7 Lecture 2
KGA171
Be able to:
• describe and explain some of the key
characteristics of globalization,
liberalism and neoliberalism
• convey the importance of
transnationalism as a part of
globalization
• argue the merits of the case both for
and against the idea that
globalization is merely a disguise for
westernization
• demonstrate knowledge of
geographical concepts, earth and
social systems and spatial patterns of
change
• create and interpret basic maps,
graphs and field data
• identify and analyse different
viewpoints to contribute to debates
about global development
• communicate in reflective and
academic writing, referencing
literature when needed
Textbook Reading
Bergman and Renwick (2008) read pp.246-255, 521-29
and scan Chapter 13
Extension reading:
Starr, Amory and Adams, Jason (2003) Anti-globalization:
The Global Fight for Local Autonomy, New Political
Science 25(1) pp.19 - 42.
Critical reading
1.What is the author’s purpose?
2.What key questions or problems does the author
raise?
3.What information, data and evidence does the author
present?
4.What key concepts does the author use to organize
this information, this evidence?
5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are
those conclusions justified?
6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?
7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?
8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?
[from Foundation for Critical Thinking]
Man reading a book
Part 2
LIBERALISM AND NEOLIBERALISM
Liberalism
Jeremy Bentham, founding figure of
liberalism as a political movement,
painted by Henry William Pickersgill,
date unknown. Also John Stuart Mill and
Harriet Taylor Mill
Property rights
John Locke, by Herman
Verelst, date unknown
Property – key to prosperity
Blenheim Palace, from Jones's Views of the Seats of Noblemen
and Gentlemen (1829)
Social contracts
Immanuel Kant
Steel engraving by J. L. Raab, 1791 after
a painting by Döbler
Alternative perspectives on property
Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Gustave Courbet, 1865
Neoliberalism
Margaret Thatcher, ex Prime Minister of Great
Britain and a key advocate of neoliberal policy
Bretton Woods, New Hampshire
A multi-national agreement which was created after World War II to ensure international
monetary management and determine how commercial and financial relations would be
determined among industrialized states was signed at this location in 1944. The International
Monetary Fund and World Bank were established at the same time.
Resistance to neoliberal excesses
Graffiti protesting the poll tax, Huddersfield, London
Part 3
A TRANSNATIONAL ORDER?
Economic globalization
Diffusion of McDonalds Restaurants around the globe. Note that subnational subtleties are not shown well in the map. For instance
Tasmania did not have a McDonalds in the period pictured.
Lloyds Bank Subscription Room
As drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Thomas
Rowlandson's Microcosm of London (1808-11)
MNCs and TNCs
Pattern of colours formed by oil on water
UNCTAD (2008) World Investment Report: Transnational Corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge, UNCTAD, New York
Foreign direct investment
“investment in enterprises that are actually operated by a
foreign owner” (Bergman and Renwick 2008, p.522)
Regional International Associations
Nation-State
Bergman and Renwick (2008) p.557
Uneven geographies of foreign direct investment
Four Asian Tigers-South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore
New Asian Tigers-Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
China
Is the World Trade Organization problematic?
YouTube video of 4.38 minutes.
Part 4
A GLOBAL CULTURE?
Cultural imperialism
Photograph of an 1888 portrait of the Emperor
Meiji by Italian painter Eduardo Chiossone
(1833—1898)
Globalization and homogenization
Knox and Marsden (2004) p.198
Globalization and hybridity?
Globalization and resistance
"Radical reform movements aim to subordinate
corporations to established frameworks of democracy"
(Starr and Adams 2003, p.20).
Alternative futures
There is an often unspoken perception that
modernization will not deliver and that leads
to “creative articulation of alternative
development paths which center indigenous
knowledge, equitable attention to the
perspectives of men and women, and the
decommodification of nature” (Starr and
Adams 2003, p.37).