THE RENAISSANCE
THE
“REBIRTH”
OF
CLASSICAL
THEMES
AND
IDEAS
1300-1650 A.D.
“THE PIETA”
MICHELANGELO
HUMANISM
THE MOVEMENT TO “REBIRTH”
EMPHASIS AND APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORTH
AND THE DIGNITY OF MAN
A MOVE TOWARDS SECULAR LIFE, NOT RELIGIOUS
A RETURN TO THE CLASSICS: IDEAS AND
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANS
EMPHASIS ON BEAUTY, NOT FEAR
AN IDEAL OF BEING WELL-ROUNDED (DEVELOPING
ABILITES IN MANY AREAS)
INCLUDED AN IDEAL OF PERFORMING PUBLIC
SERVICE AND EXERCISING INDIVIDUAL CHOICE
STARTED AS A LITERARY MOVEMENT CONCERNED
WITH EVERYDAY HUMAN PROBLEMS
CONTRIBUTING INFLUENCES
SCHOLARS TURNING TO IDEAS FROM THE
CLASSICAL PERIOD
GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL EMPIRES AND
CONTACT WITH WORLD CULTURES
DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN, RATHER THAN
RURAL. AREAS
BOOKS WRITTEN IN THE VERNACULAR
(MORE PEOPLE BECOME LITERATE)
CORRUPTION IN THE CHURCH AND A DESIRE
TO REFORM RELIGION
INCREASED POWER OF MERCHANT CLASS
WHO USE THEIR INFLUENCE TO PROMOTE
THEIR IDEAS (BECOME PATRONS TO THE
ARTS)
EARLY HUMANIST FIGURES
PETRARCH
DANTE
CHAUCER
ERASMUS
CELLINI
THOMAS MORE
BOCCACCIO
MACHIAVELLI
RABELAIS
ILLUSTRATION FROM
“CANTERBURY TALES”
PETRARCH
THE FATHER OF HUMANISM
1304-1374 A.D.
FLORENTINE
SPENT MUCH OF HIS
YOUTH IN THE POPE’S
COURT
FOUND MANY OLD LATIN
MANUSCRIPTS TO STUDY.
ADMIRED THE WRITERS
DISLIKED ARISTOTLE
WROTE IN THE
VERNACULAR
MOST FAMOUS WORKSLOVE POEMS (SONNETS)
TO LAURA, WHO DIED OF
THE BLACK PLAGUE
CREATED THE ITALIAN
SONNET FORM
CHAUCER
EARLY LITERARY
HUMANIST
WROTE CANTERBURY
TALES
BORN IN ENGLAND IN 1340
DIED IN 1405
ABOUT A GROUP OF
PILGRIMS TRAVELING
TO THE SHRINE OF
THOMAS A’ BECKET
THEY ARE A GROUP OF
VARIOUS CLASSES
AND OCCUPATIONS
WHO TELL “WORLDLY”
TALES TO AMUSE
THEMSELVES ON THE
WAY TO CANTERBURY
DANTE
BORN IN 1265; DIED IN 1321
EARLY FLORENTINE WRITER; THE 1ST GREAT
NAME IN ITALIAN LITERATURE
WROTE THE DIVINE COMEDY ABOUT A TRIP
THROUGH HELL, PURGATORY, AND HEAVEN
WHILE IN EXILE FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS
DANTE WITH A COPY
OF THE “DIVINE
COMEDY” IN HIS HAND
SCENES FROM
“DIVINE COMEDY”
ERASMUS
CONSIDERED THE “PRINCE
OF HUMANISM”
1466-1536 A.D.
DUTCH SCHOLAR AND
CHRISTIAN HUMANIST
QUESTIONED THE
ACCURACY OF CATHOLIC
BIBLE TRANSLATIONS
MOST FAMOUS WORK THE
PRAISE OF FOLLY A
SATIRE AGAINST SOCIAL
EVILS, “KNOWLEDGE
FACTORIES”
MADE FUN OF CHURCH
PROBLEMS AND
ENCOURAGED REFORMS
BENVENUTO CELLINI
.
ITALIAN GOLDSMITH,
PAINTER, MUSICIAN,
SOLDIER, AND
SCULPTOR
WROTE THE FIRST
MODERN
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
ENCOURAGED
OTHERS OF
EXCELLENCE TO
“DESCRIBE LIFE WITH
THEIR OWN HAND”
SIR THOMAS MORE
1478-1535 A.D.
ENGLISH LAWYER
WROTE UTOPIA ABOUT
AN IDEAL STATE FREE
OF WAR, POVERTY, AND
IGNORANCE
(“UTOPIA” ACTUALLY
MEANS “NO PLACE”,
NOT “IDEAL PLACE”
CHIEF ADVISOR TO
HENRY VIII
WAS BEHEADED AFTER
CROMWELL PLANTED
“EVIDENCE” OF
TREASON TO HENRY VIII PORTRAIT OF THOMAS MORE
BY HANS HOLBEIN
BOCCACCIO
1313-1375 A.D.
FLORENTINE
WROTE
DECAMERON,
STORIES TOLD BY
TEN MEN AND
WOMEN TO PASS
THE TIME AFTER
THEY FLED
FLORENCE DURING
THE PLAGUE
A WORLDLY
MORALIST
IILLUMINATION OF
BOCCACCIO AND PETRARCH
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
1469-1527 A.D.
FROM A FLORENTINE NOBLE
FAMILY
WROTE THE PRINCE
SAID “MIGHT MAKES RIGHT”
SAID KINGS WERE NOT BOUND TO
THE SAME RULES OF LAW AND
MORALITY
REJECTED THE IDEA THAT THE
STATE EXISTED FOR THE GLORY
OF GOD
SAID KINGS SHOULD FORGET
IDEALS, BUT DO WHAT IS
NECESSARY TO REMAIN POPULAR
SAID A WISE RULER SHOULD NOT
OBSERVE FAITH
THOUGHT THE RIGHTS OF THE
CITIZENS ARE ONLY WHAT SERVES
THE STATE
SINGLE-HANDEDLY
REVOLUTIONIZED THE IDEAS OF
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
DEDICATED THE BOOK TO THE
MEDICI
MODERN ADVOCATES: HITLER,
MUSSOLINI, STALIN, SADDEM,
RABELAIS
1494-1553
FRENCH
PHYSICIAN AND
MONK
WROTE THE
SATIRIC
ROMANCES
GARGANTUA
AND
PANTAGRUEL
LEONARDO DA VINCI
1452-1519
“THE RENAISSANCE
MAN”
SUPPORTED BY THE
D’ESTE FAMILY AND
THE DUKE OF MILAN
MOST FAMOUS
WORKS:
“THE LAST SUPPER”
“MONA LISA”
LEONARDO’S
SELF-PORTRAIT
“MONA LISA”
IS “MONA LISA” A
SELF-PORTRAIT
???
“MADONNA OF THE ROCKS”
“LADY WITH AN ERMINE”
“THE LAST SUPPER”
MICHELANGELO
1475-1564
STARTED AS AN APPRENTICE
AT 13 (HE BROKE HIS FIRST
MASTER’S NOSE IN A FIGHT)
SUPPORTED BY THE MEDICI
FAMILY
TOLD THE POPE “I AM A
SCULPTOR, NOT A PAINTER”
WHEN ASKED TO PAINT THE
SISTINE CHAPEL
FAMOUS WORKS:
“THE PIETA”
SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING
“MOSES”
“DAVID”
TOMB OF JULIUS II
“THE PIETA”
MICHELANGELO
THE STATUE
IS
LOCATED
IN THE
VATICAN
THIS IS THE ONLY WORK
MICHELANGELO SIGNED
STATUE OF “DAVID”
THE STATUE
STANDS
14’ TALL
MICHELANGELO
“SAW” DAVID IN
THE PIECE OF
MARBLE
THE STATUE SUMS UP HUMAN DIGNITY
AND GREATNESS
THE SISTINE CHAPEL
T
H
E
C
R
E
A
T
I
O
N
HE TOOK FOUR YEARS TO PAINT
HE STOOD ON A SCAFFOLDING 70’ HIGH
THE CEILING HAS OVER THREE HUNDRED
PERSONAGES
HE ALSO PAINTED “THE LAST JUDGMENT”, THE ALTAR
PIECE
“THE LAST JUDGMENT”
THE “LAST
JUDGMENT”
IS THE ALTAR
PIECE IN THE
SISTINE CHAPEL
ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL
MICHELANGELO’S
DESIGN FOR THE DOME
ST. PETER’S
CATHEDRAL
TODAY
IN ROME
(VATICAN)
RAPHAEL
BABY ANGELS
IN THE
SISTINE CHAPEL
“ST. GEORGE
AND THE DRAGON”
“THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS”
CARAVAGGIO (HE’S NOT ON
THE LIST…BUT I LOVE HIM!!!)
“DAVID AND GOLIATH”
THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC”
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
EMPHASIZED SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND
NEED FOR REFORM
RELIGION, ETHICS, AND QUESTIONS
OF RIGHT AND WRONG WERE
FREQUENT SUBJECTS
ART WAS MOSTLY ABOUT ORDINARY
PEOPLE, EVEN SERVANTS, AND
EVERYDAY LIFE
MANY OF THE ARTISTS EMPHASIZED
STRONG LIGHT AND DARK CONTRAST
REMBRANDT VAN RIJN
DUTCH PAINTER
1606-1669
KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF
NATURAL LIGHT
ILLUMINATING THE
FACES OF HIS
SUBJECTS, AGAINST
DARK BACKGROUNDS
PAINTED COMMON
PEOPLE, OFTEN MIDDLE
CLASS MERCHANTS
DID MANY PORTRAITS
AND SELF-PORTRAITS
“DEMONSTRATION OF THE
ANATOMY OF THE ARM”
“ARISTOTLE
BEFORE
THE BUST
OF HOMER”
“ADORATION OF
THE SHEPHERDS”
“PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN”
“MAN IN A
GOLDEN HELMET”
“THE NIGHT WATCH”
“PORTRAIT OF A WOMAN
WITH OSTRICH FEATHER”
“TWO SCHOLARS DISPUTING”
(PETER AND PAUL)
JAN VAN EYCK
ABOUT 1395-DIED 1441
DUTCH
DID NOT INVENT OIL
PAINTS, BUT PERFECTED
TECHNIQUES AND
EFFECTS
HAD HIS OWN SCHOOL
HIS BROTHERS WERE
ALSO PAINTERS
WORKED IN THE COURT
AND FOR NOBLES
SENT BY THE DUKE OF
BURGUNDY TO PROPOSE
TO ISABELLAOF
PORTUGAL
WELL-PAID ARTIST
“MAN IN A RED TURBAN”
(SELF-PORTRAIT)
“THE ARNOLFINA MARRIAGE”
ALBRECHT DURER
1471-1528
GERMAN PAINTER,
ENGRAVER, AND
MATHEMATICIAN
DID PORTRAITS,
INCLUDING SELFPORTRAITS
HIS MOST FAMOUS
WORKS ARE HIS
ENGRAVINGS
SELF-PORTRAIT
“KNIGHT, DEATH, AND
THE DEVIL”
“ST. JEROME IN HIS
STUDY”
RENAISSANCE WOMEN
ISABELLA D’ESTE
ARTEMISIA
GENTILESCHI
VITTORIA
COLONNA
SOFONISBA
ANGUISSOLA
MARGUERITE OF
NAVARRE
ISABELLA D’ESTA
“THE FIRST LADY OF
THE RENAISSANCE”
1474-1539 A.D.
MARRIED DUKE
GONZAGA OF MANTUA
STRONG CULTURAL
AND POLITICAL FIGURE
INFLUENCED BY
CASTIGLIONE
WELL-EDUCATED
PATRON TO DA VINCI
AND RAPHAEL, AS WELL
AS OTHERS
PORTRAIT BY TITIAN
SKETCH OF ISABELLA
BY DA VINCI
WROTE OVER 2000
LETTERS
MUSICIAN-PLAYED
THE LUTE
KNEW GREEK AND
LATIN
FOUNDED A
SCHOOL FOR
YOUNG WOMEN
WHEN HER
HUSBAND WAS
TAKEN CAPTIVE,
SHE TOOK OVER
THE CITY AND HELD
OFF THE INVADERS
HER SISTER WAS
DUCHESS OF MILAN
ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI
SELF-PORTRAIT
“SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS”
ITALIAN ARTIST
KNOWN FOR PICTURES OF
STRONG WOMEN
“JUDITH AND THE
MAIDENSERVANT”
“JUDITH BEHEADING
HOLOFERNES”
VITTORIA COLONNA
1490-1547
ITALIAN NOBLEWOMAN
KNOWN FOR HER
BEAUTIFUL POETRY
MICHELANGELO FELL IN
LOVE WITH HER AND
WROTE HER MANY
SONNETS
SHE WAS WIDOWED
WHEN HER HUSBAND
DIED IN CAPTIVITY
FROM HIS WOUNDS
VERY RELIGIOUS
SKETCH BY
MICHELANGELO
SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA
1532-1625
ITALIAN PAINTER
SHE AND HER SISTERS
WERE ALL ENCOURAGED
BY THEIR FATHER TO
PAINT
SHE MET MICHELANGELO,
WHO ALSO ENCOURAGED
HER TALENT
FOCUSED ON PORTRAITS,
BECAUSE GIRLS COULD
NOT PAINT NUDES
WAS COURT PAINTER AND
LADY-IN-WAITING IN SPAIN
MARRIED TWICE
SELF-PORTRAIT
“THE CHESS GAME”
SELF-PORTRAIT