Development of Haiku Application to Compose Haiku Poems with
Smartphone Outdoors
Nobuhiko Takada
Kanazawa Gakuin University in Japan
Japan
ntakada@kanazawa-gu.ac.jp
Abstract: In recent years, the progress of smartphones has been remarkable and
expanded at an explosive pace around the world. Moreover, A lot of applications in
smartphones have been developed. However we think that papers about Haiku
application have been hardly reported. In our topic which is called “ The fusion of
Literature and Media design” , we prepared the development environment in the
Android OS and developed this Haiku application to compose haiku poems. This
time, we aimed at building the environment which can support our Haiku activity
with only one smartphone outdoors. In the environment , we developed this Haiku
application as a prototype and
experimented with the use of the smartphone.
Then, we took the questionnaire and evaluated the result.
Keywords: Smartphone , Haiku, AR, Android OS, ubiquitous
1．Introduction
Recently, the progress of smartphones has been remarkable and expanded at an explosive pace
around the world. Moreover, the development of applications in smartphones has been also performed
frequently. Smartphones are multifunctional Personal Digital Assistants and closer to usual personal computers.
They provide us the environment to develop applications. In our continued theme which is called fusion of Literature
and Media design, we adopted a smartphone with the most advanced technology. We prepared an environment to
develop in Android OS and developed a prototype of Haiku application to compose haiku poems [1]. This time, We
aimed at building the environment which can perform Haiku activity with only one smart phone in outdoors. We
considered smartphones as effective tools for young men who use a cellular phone well to get interested in haiku
poems. We investigated and analyzed the development environment focusing on Android OS to extract functions
required to support our Haiku activity. Based on that, we developed an application as a prototype and experimented
it .Then, we took the questionnaire and evaluated the result.
2. Related Studies
2.1 Research on Haiku
In Haiku meetings, members of society gather in one place to compose haiku poems together in each district of
Japan continuously [2][3]. Also, in lessons of schools, students actually compose haiku poems and learn them by a
game style [4][5]. On the other hand, haiku poems can be easily composed in asynchronous with development of the
Internet, and works in different space have been produced. Moreover, in the example of Renku relevant to Haiku, it
is an environmental construction of Renku with a network. In poetry, Tanka, Haiku, etc., in order that we may
emphasize the composed verses more, not only expression of characters but synergistic expressions (verses +
pictures) may be carried out. Particularly, in Haiku, they carry out drawing classes of Haiga (established by Buson
Yosano in Japanese) in various places. There is a paper of the multimedia Haiku which connected pictures to the
haiku poems to realize the experience share type communication media as a paper with Haiga[6].
2.2 Studies on Development in Android OS
Google distribute Android SDK (an development toolkit) for nothing, and offers tools and APIs required for an
application development for the Android OS platforms written in the Java programming language now. In the
application development in Android OS, there are a lot of practical application programs written in Java more
than papers based on Android OS. In Haiku There is "gravel" which is an application supporting to compose haiku
poems[7]. It means that they do not have o search words and phrases through the books , which they bring for a
compendium of seasonal wordsand an the collection of words and phrases ,etc about Haiku. Adding a haiku poem,
poetry, etc. to the taken photographs, there is an application "one photograph" which can give an atmosphere like a
postcard illustrated with a drawing or a poster[8]. In the paper with smart phones, there is "environmental
monitoring system Chu-lingual which can be contributed with the smart phone using an insect sound" which
proposed the discernment technique of a kind with the sound of an insect in the field of natural science [9].
Moreover, in the paper using Android OS as an OS of smartphones, there is a paper which tackled realization of
"Android the remote service call function in the application layer using a terminal" in mutual information exchange
among Android terminals [10]. In recent years, the papers about Android OS are increasing quickly in some fields.
However, applications for supporting the haiku poem activity with high technology have not been reported yet.
3. Development of Haiku Application
3.1
Comparison of Traditional Method and this one
We clarified the required functions and compared the difference with the traditional method and this one to
develop the Haiku application. We asked the professors, who were in the department of literature, about needed tools,
in the case of composing haiku poems by the traditional method of not using information machines and equipments.
The result is shown in Table 1 [11].
Table 1: The list of the conventional method and the method using information machines and equipments
Those who try to compose haiku poems decide the destination referring to a book, a map, and a season word
dictionary, etc. first. They put them(tools) to bring into a bag and move to the destination. After arriving there, they
decide the place and direction to compose haiku poems in detail. They write down the composed haiku poems on a
memo pad etc. with a pencil, a pen or a brush, etc. The flow of a series of actions in these traditional methods is
shown in Fig. 1. On the other hand, we tried to classify into the four following modules and to correspond to the
traditional method, when haiku poems were composed with a smartphone. They are "Acquisition of information",
"Movement to the destination"," Determination of the position and direction to compose haiku poems, and
"Composing haiku poems and writing down them". The flow in the case of carrying out the Haiku activity with a
smartphone is shown in Fig. 2. Specifically, we can acquire the information required to compose haiku poems by the
search service of the Internet. We move to the destination, referring to the information and the map on the Web. We
can write down the composed haiku poem, using the function of the data storage, such as a memo pad in the
smartphone,
3.2 Functions Required for Haiku Application
We probe the major functions based on the flow of Fig. 2 to develop the Haiku application this time. As the result,
we thought that we could realize it by the four following functions.
(1) Main view
This is the first screen displayed when the Haiku application is started. It shows the flow which goes out to
compose haiku poems in Fig. 2. This means a case where a composer has the intention of composing haiku poems in
advance. However, since haiku poems may be composed looking at a beautiful scene in a travel, we also make UI
which can cope with it in such a case. It also manages 4 functions, such as the function to search words and phrases,
the function to submit haiku poems, the function to search the destination, and the function to search the details of
the destination. It can also change freely to each function.
(2) The function to search words and phrases
This is a function to search words and phrases, inputting keywords relevant to haiku poems in the Haiku
application. This is a function to search by the keyword on a Web page. The haiku poem information on a season
word or the spot may be needed when composing a haiku poem.
(3) The function for submitting a haiku poem
The composed haiku poem (usually 5-7 -5 syllables) is edited with a text editor, and it is saved in a smartphone.
Then, it is the function to submit and register the composed haiku poem to the Web server.
(4) The function to search the destination
By displaying a map on a smartphone, it is a function which shows the map and route to the destination to those
who compose haiku poems, and supports where they should move. It just resembles a car-navigation system.
Fig.1 Flow of the conventional method to compose haiku poems
Fig.2 Flow of the new method to compose haiku poems with a smartphone
4. Functions of Haiku Application
4.1 Summary of Application
We developed the Haiku application in Java language based on the functional design of Chapter 3. As the result,
We realized the following four functions such as the function to search words-and-phrases, the function to submit
haiku poems, the function to search the destination search, and the function to search the detailed destination
detailed in a native application which can operate on a smartphone as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig.3: Each screen of functions of the Haiku application
4.2 Screen Explanation of Each Function
(1) Main view
This is a screen of the beginning at the time of the application startup. It displays the scene acquired from the
camera on the screen on start-up, and four manual operation buttons on the lower part of the screen. Each manual
operation button corresponds "the function to search words-and-phrases ", "the function to submit haiku poems",
"the function to search the destination" using a Google MAP, and "the function to search the destination in detailed
to perform the real-time navigation."
(2) The function to search words-and-phrases (icon: "search")
This is a function to search the words-and-phrases with the web browser equipped in the smart phone. Since the
multitasking function is added after Android OS 2.1, smartphones also enable the mutual call among the
applications. Therefore, it is in cooperation to the standard web browser under the Haiku application in the
smartphone and can work the function to search the words-and-phrases.
(3) The function to submit haiku poems
This is started by pushing the "submit" button on the main view screen.
17 syllables of a haiku poem can be inputted corresponding to 5-7-5 two-byte characters.
Actually, taking into consideration a haiku poem with extra syllables, we built to input them with the two-bytes
syllables of ten characters each.
(4) The function to search the destination
This is a function displaying the map of the present location on a Google Map through the GPS data. The
function starts a Google Map based on the GPS data by pushing the "map" button on the main view. As the result,
the map of the present location obtained from the GPS coordinates is displayed on the screen.
(5) The function to search the destination in detail
This function shows the direction of the destination by the arrow on the screen to the designated destination with
GPS coordinates. It is a function like a real-time navigation, and is equipped with both an arrow to show the
destination and the radar to show the direction.
5. Experiment of Haiku Application
5.1 Purpose and Experimental Environment
We experimented focusing on the operational status and operability of functions by utilizing the developed Haiku
application to support our Haiku activity this time. Then, we evaluated the application and discovered subject
points. We used the smart phone (SH03-C) where we had developed the Haiku application. There were 12
experimenters (instruction teacher: one person, 11 seminar students). We went to the destination (Kenrokuen
Garden Yamazaki mountain in Kanazawa) from the origin (our university: Kanazawa Gakuin University) to
conduct this experiment. We searched the direction where Basho composed the verse (Basho's mark a landmark.)
5.2 Experiment Procedure
This experiment was conducted in the procedure of the following (1) - (5), referring to the figure 2 in 3.2.
(1) Determination of the place to compose haiku poems
(2) Investigation of the position in the Kenrokuen Garden, and determination of the transportation
(3) Movement to the destination from the local bus stop with a "navigation function"
(4) Decision of the position and direction to compose haiku poems
(5) Composing haiku poems and Recording them
5.3 Experimental Result and Consideration
We experimented according to the procedure of 5.2, and made the participants filled out the questionnaire. We
adopted the standard five-step evaluation as a valuation method of the questionnaire. It consists of (5: Excellent, 4:
Good, 3: Neutral, 2: Fair, 1: Poor.). Since the participants were 12 persons' small numbers, it was difficult for us to
take sufficient objective data. Therefore, we also made them describe free description according to each item, and
summarized their opinions. The result of the questionnaire result was shown in Fig. 4. Fig.4 showed that the average
mark of ten items was as high as 3.59. It can be said that they evaluated the Haiku application with the smartphone
on the whole. Since the average mark was high at 4.4 in going to the destination (the point for composing haiku
poems) of the item 3 especially, it can be said that it was quite easy. Since what is necessary was just to go to the
destination according to the guidance based on GPS, it can be said that they could use the standard function of the
smartphone well. About determining the direction to compose haiku poems in the destination of the item 4, it was
3.7 and it can be said that it was easy. The mark of the destination was a fixed mark in the experiment conducted in
the last feature phone. Since it was an actual photograph (refer to Fig. 3) and the mark was three-dimensional in this
smartphone, we could find the direction easily. The evaluation about the overall usability of the item 8 was quite as
good as 4.1. We could choose these four screens freely and work them as the smartphone had a multitasking function.
Since we do not have to close the current application and work the next one each time, the user-friendliness is pretty
good . In the input of haiku poems of the item 5, it was not the method of inputting with buttons in the feature phone
which they had used until now. Since it was an operation on the finger-sensitive touch screen this time, they might
have a considerable sense of incongruity. However, considering the speed of the spread of iPads or smartphones, it is
expected to be experienced in the operation with fingers from now on. It is also same in the case of polishing the text
in the item 5. It is expected that the evaluation will be high about input and correction in proportion as it will shift
to a touch screen type from now on. We would like to utilize it more effectively in the future about the usage of the
smartphone in the items 9 and 10. We proved that the developed application was useful for them from the above
mentioned results.
Fig.4: Results of questionnaires with a smartphone
6. Conclusion
This time, we built the development environment of the application which operated on Android OS. Then we
developed some functions of the Haiku application to work under the environment and experimented with that.
We still have to clear some hurdles in order to provide as an application in the world, but we could realize the
fundamental functions. From now on, we would like to keep developing especially with attention to the following
things and to aim to complete the Haiku application and the Haiku Activity Support System.
-The frequency of upgrade of Android OS is high, and Ver.4.1 is offered now. Some functions in the application may
not work enough in a version. Therefore, we should use the programming method with little influence by each
version.
- When composing haiku poems, we may be unable to use the communication function in a smartphone. Therefore,
we should also take into consideration saving as a dictionary the haiku poem data which is needed for a search
function or a navigation function in a smartphone.
-We should improve UI for making an author easy to operate in a smartphone..
This research has received the support of Sciences Research Grant (Base Research (C)) as (subjecnumber:23501180)
in the Heisei 23 fiscal year.
References
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[2]Renkuschool of Kyonta. http://www5b.biGlobe.ne.jp/~kyonta/
[3]Extension class of Kanazawa Gakuin University.
http://www.kanazawa-gu.ac.jp/university/koukaikouza/koukaikouza.html
[4]Credits for Graduation of Hokkaido University of Education. http://www.hokkyodai.ac.jp/faculty/
[5]Haiku research in syllabus of Kanagawa University. http://ku-syllabus.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/syllabus/
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Haiku“, IEICE transactions on information and systems E89-D(6), pp1860-1867
[7]Saiseki. http://product.hscnet.jp/sazareishi/index.html
[8]photo ikku. http://www.photoikku.com/j/
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Table 1: The list of the conventional method and
the method using information machines and equipments
Fig.3: Each screen of functions of the Haiku application
Fig.4：Results of questionnaires with a smartphone
Fig.1 Flow of the conventional
Fig.2 Flow of the new method to
Method to compose haiku poems Compose haiku poems with a smartphone