WORLD HEALTH
THREATS
AIM: WHAT DISEASES CAUSE THE MOST
DEATHS ALONG THE DTM?
• DO NOW: Predict which kinds of diseases would be
most prevalent for each of the following stages
along the DTM
• Stage 1&2
• Stage 3&4
• Stage 5
• SWBAT define the epidemiologic transition and identify the
diseases correlated with stages of the DTM
• SWBAT identify the types of diffusion used to spread disease
• Evaluate whether stage 5 will see a resurgence of diseases
KEY TERMS
• Epidemic Transition: distinctive causes of death in
each stage of the demographic transition
• Pandemic: disease that occurs over a wide
geographic area and affects a very high proportion
of the pop
STAGE 1: PESTILENCE AND FAMINE
• Infectious/Parasitic diseases=main causes of death
• Ex: Black Plague/Bubonic Plague in the 1300s
• 1/2 Europe’s population dies
Q: WHAT TYPE(S) OF DIFFUSION?
• Hearth: Kyrgyzstan
• First it diffused to an Italian trading post when a
Tartar army attacked
• Then, it diffused to Europe when Italians fled
carrying rat infested ships
• In Europe it spread from the coast to inland towns,
and then to rural areas
STAGE 2: RECEDING PANDEMICS
• Industrial Revolution overall reduces disease rates
• Improvements in sanitation, nutrition, medicine
• At first, though rates were especially high among
poor people in the city
• EX: Cholera
• ½ million deaths in NYC in 1832
DR. SNOW MAPS CHOLERA
STAGE 3: DEGENERATIVE/HUMAN
CREATED DISEASES
• Decrease in infectious deaths; increase in chronic
disorders (usually from aging).
• Cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks
• Cancer
STAGE 4: DELAYED DEGENERATIVE
DISEASE
• Major causes of death (cancer/ cardiovascular
diseases) persist, but people live longer due to
medical advancements
•
•
•
•
Cancer treatments
Bypass operations
Reduced tobacco use
Better diet
STAGE 5: REEMERGENCE OF
INFECTIOUS/PARASITIC DISEASES
• Controversial!
• Possible
reemergence due to
• Evolution of antibiotics
• Antibiotic resistant viruses
• Poverty
• Improved Travel
• Anti-vaxxers (recent
trend)
• “I would advise any new parent to roll their child on
the floor of the New York subway” –Chris Mason,
geneticist at Cornell
“NEW” INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• H1N1/Swine Flu
• Global diffusion matched airline travel patterns
• Hearth: Mexico
AIDS
• 90% of people living with HIV are in LDCs
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• 1/10th population, but 2/3rds of all HIV population