Definition
Integrity comes from the Latin word
integrare which is to make whole.
In mathematics “integer” is a whole
number and not a fraction.
WHAT IS WHOLENESS.
 What you Say
 What you are in
 What you Do
Public
 What you are in
Private
All of these needs to fit together
Saying
Doing
Public
Private
Family versus truth- Root of
corruption-I
A father and a
husband is like a
God
World values survey
 54
countries
 64 societies
 Covering 80 per cent of the world
 Attitudes to family, gender, work, neighbor
tolerance, democracy etc.
Family values & corruption
Scale of familism (World Values survey code
book 1994 & World Bank statistics)
o Powerful father, docile mother, no divorce, joint
family, control over children
o
o
Correlates well with the CPI.(Regression analysis)
o
Tribalism- Africa and India- The greater the tribal
loyalty greater the corruption.
The man who knew too much
 Edward
Banfield 1916-99
 Social scientist
Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- The
Moral Basis of a backward society


In 1958, Ed, with the assistance of his wife, Laura,
explained why a backward area in southern Italy was
poor.
The reason was not government neglect or poor
education but culture. In this area of Italy, the Banfields
said in The Moral Basis of a Backward Society, people
would not cooperate outside the boundaries of their
immediate families
Family values and corruption
o
Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –antidevelopment (Underdevelopment is a state of
mind-page 7)

Plato's Republic chapter 5:
On matrimony and philosophy
“Children should be
institutionalized” –Republic Chapter 5
 Plato-

This is the only way to have a corrupt free
society
Max Weber
o
Weber- Family Loyalty and market are
antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.
Corruption Perceptions Index
2004
Corruption Perceptions Index
2004
This table was compiled at the
University of Passau on behalf of
Transparency International. For
information on data and
methodology, please consult the
frequently asked questions and
the framework document.
Country Rank
Country
2004 CPI Score*
Confidence Range**
Surveys Used***
1
Finland
9,7
9.5 - 9.8
9
2
New Zealand
9,6
9.4 - 9.6
9
3
Denmark
9,5
9.3 - 9.7
10
Iceland
9,5
9.4 - 9.7
8
5
Singapore
9,3
9.2 - 9.4
13
6
Sweden
9,2
9.1 - 9.3
11
7
Switzerland
9,1
8.9 - 9.2
10
8
Norway
8,9
8.6 - 9.1
9
9
Australia
8,8
8.4 - 9.1
15
10
Netherlands
8,7
8.5 - 8.9
10
11
United Kingdom 8,6
8.4 - 8.8
12
12
Canada
8,5
8.1 - 8.9
12
13
Austria
8,4
8.1 - 8.8
10
Luxembourg
8,4
8.0 - 8.9
7
15
Germany
8,2
8.0 - 8.5
11
16
Hong Kong
8,0
7.1 - 8.5
13
Country Rank
Country
2004 CPI Score*
Confidence Range**
Surveys Used***
17
Belgium
7,5
7.1 - 8.0
10
Ireland
7,5
7.2 - 7.9
10
USA
7,5
6.9 - 8.0
14
20
Chile
7,4
7.0 - 7.8
11
21
Barbados
7,3
6.6 - 7. 6
3
22
France
7,1
6.6 - 7.6
12
Spain
7,1
6.7 - 7.4
11
24
Japan
6,9
6.2 - 7.4
15
25
Malta
6,8
5.3 - 8.2
4
26
Israel
6,4
5.6 - 7.1
10
27
Portugal
6,3
5.8 - 6.8
9
28
Uruguay
6,2
5.9 - 6.7
6
29
Oman
6,1
5.1 - 6.8
5
Emirates
6,1
5.1 - 7.1
5
Botswana
6,0
5.3 - 6.8
7
United Arab
31
Country Rank
31
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
44
47
48
49
Country
Estonia
Slovenia
Bahrain
Taiwan
Cyprus
Jordan
Qatar
Malaysia
Tunisia
Costa Rica
Hungary
Italy
Kuwait
Lithuania
South Africa
South Korea
Seychelles
Greece
2004 CPI Score*
6,0
6,0
5,8
5,6
5,4
5,3
5,2
5,0
5,0
4,9
4,8
4,8
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,5
4,4
4,3
Confidence Range**
5.6 - 6.7
5.6 - 6.6
5.5 - 6.2
5.2 - 6.1
5.0 - 5.8
4.6 - 5.9
4.6 - 5.6
4.5 - 5.6
4.5 - 5.6
4.2 - 5.8
4.6 - 5.0
4.4 - 5.1
3.8 - 5.3
4.0 - 5.4
4.2 - 5.0
4.0 - 4.9
3.7 - 5.0
4.0 - 4.8
Surveys Used***
12
12
5
15
4
9
4
15
7
8
12
10
5
9
11
14
3
9
Country Rank
49
51
54
57
59
60
62
64
Country
Suriname
Czech Republic
El Salvador
Trinidad and
Tobago
Bulgaria
Mauritius 4,1
Namibia
Latvia
Slovakia
Brazil
Belize
Colombia 3,8
Cuba
Panama
Ghana
Mexico
Thailand
2004 CPI Score*
Confidence Range**
Surveys Used***
4,3
4,2
4,2
4,2
2.1 - 5.8
3.7 - 4.9
3.3 - 5.1
3.6 - 5.2
3
11
7
6
4,1
3.7 - 4.6
10
3.2 - 4.8
4,1
4,0
4,0
3,9
3,8
5
3.5 - 4.6
3.8 - 4.3
3.6 - 4.5
3.7 - 4.1
3.4 - 4.1
3.4 - 4.1
3,7
3,7
3,6
3,6
3,6
7
8
11
11
3
10
2.2 - 4.7
3.4 - 4.2
3.1 - 4.1
3.3 - 3.8
3.3 - 3.9
4
7
7
11
14
Country Rank
67
71
74
77
82
Country
Croatia
Peru
Poland
Sri Lanka
China
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Belarus
Gabon
Jamaica
Benin
Egypt
Mali
Morocco
Turkey
Armenia
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2004 CPI Score*
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,1
3,1
Confidence Range**
3.3 - 3.8
3.3 - 3.7
3.1 - 3.9
3.1 - 3.9
3.0 - 3.8
2.7 - 4.0
2.8 - 4.1
1.9 - 4.8
2.1 - 3.7
2.8 - 3.7
2.0 - 4.3
2.7 - 3.8
2.2 - 4.2
2.9 - 3.5
2.8 - 3.7
2.4 - 3.7
2.7 - 3.5
Surveys Used***
9
8
13
8
16
5
5
5
3
6
3
8
5
7
13
5
7
Country Rank
82
85
87
90
97
Country
Madagascar
Mongolia
Senegal
Dominican
Republic
Iran
Romania
Gambia
India
Malawi
Mozambique
Nepal
Russia
Tanzania
Algeria
Lebanon
Macedonia
2004 CPI Score*
Confidence Range**
Surveys Used***
3,1
3,0
3,0
2,9
1.8 - 4.4
2.6 - 3.2
2.5 - 3.5
2.4 - 3.3
4
3
6
6
2,9
2,9
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,7
2,7
2,7
2.2 - 3.4
2.5 - 3.4
2.2 - 3.4
2.6 - 3.0
2.2 - 3.7
2.4 - 3.1
1.6 - 3.4
2.5 - 3.1
2.4 - 3.2
2.3 - 3.0
2.1 - 3.2
2.3 - 3.2
5
12
5
15
5
7
3
15
7
6
5
7
Country Rank
Used***
97
102
108
112
Country
Nicaragua
Serbia and
Montenegro
Eritrea
Papua New
Guinea
Philippines
Uganda
Vietnam
Zambia
Albania
Argentina
Libya
Palestinian
Authority
Ecuador
Yemen
2004 CPI Score*
Confidence Range**
Surveys
2,7
2,7
2.5 - 3.0
2.3 - 3.0
7
7
2,6
2,6
1.6 - 3.4
1.9 - 3.4
3
4
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2.4 - 2.9
2.1 - 3.1
2.3 - 2.9
2.3 - 2.9
2.0 - 3.0
2.2 - 2.8
1.9 - 3.0
2.0 - 2.7
14
7
11
6
4
11
4
3
2,4
2,4
2.3 - 2.5
1.9 - 2.9
7
5
The fatal evolution
Family/Truth
Relationship/Truth
Roots of corruption-2

Power distance is a cultural index
derived by sociologist Geert Hofstede.
• It measures how much a culture has respect for
authority.
Power distance


it's acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority
superiors rarely give their subordinates important work
 if something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually
blamed for not doing their proper job/role
 managers rarely interact or socialize with workers
 teachers are treated respectfully
 local politics are prone to totalitarianism
 class distinctions are emphasized
 parents are more highly respected and corporal
punishment is more common
 revolutions are, or were, common

Power Distance
•
The Arab nations, Latin America, Russia, and
nearly all of Asia (especially India and China)
are high in power distance.
•
Most of Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel
are low in power distance.
•
Japan and Mediterranean-Europe fall in the
middle range.
What is important..
 Values
OR
 Power
 Countries
with more power distance have
more corruption
Once upon a time all the known gods
& goddesses had no….values
• All the known gods & goddesses had power
ascribed to them but no value.
Roman pantheon
APPOLLO – God of sun, plague, light
Caesar Augustus called himself the son of Appollo
Appollo – god
of sun, plague,
light
Bacchus god of
wine &
agriculture
Ceres – godesses of
growing plants & cereals
(for worship in famine)
(Tying lighted brands to
the tails of foxes)
CUPID – god of
erotic love
pranks (Son of
Venus) Gold
headed arrows
Lead for hatred
Diana – goddess
of
chastity/hunting
Freemasons
worship her.
Fortuna goddess
of luck.
Shakespeare
makes &
reference to lady
fortune
Janus – god of
gates door
beginnings &
end
Jupiter war
lightening Jove
very powerful
god
Greek Pantheon
Hades – god of
the underworld
Hermes god of
commerce
interpreting with
foreign traders
oratory
Hermeneuticsscience of
interpretation
Ares-god of warsame as mars
Athena Battle
strategy weaving
Aphrodite
goddess of love
& beauty Temple
prostitutes
ARTEMIS/Diana
fertility goddess
childbirth
Ephesians
Power gods versus Value God


When you worship power gods the culture
has high power distance and becomes
corrupted
The Judeo-Christian God is the only God I
know who is primarily a value God.
Shame versus guilt




Guilt happens in cultures which have low power
distance. These produce less corruption.
Shame happens when exposed (in cultures with
high power distance). Related to higher
corruption levels.
Guilt- acts from within.
Shame acts from without.
Philippians 2.5-8

Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to
be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation,
and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made
in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a
man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto
death, even the death of the cross.


Justice/Power
Jesus changed the paradigm
POWER
Value
Transparency

Related to “Social capital”- the more
trusted friends the more openness
needed.
Trusted
friends
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
IMPACT ON HEALTH/ ECONOMICS
ACCORDING TO FRANCIS FUKUYOMA.
Author of book on Trust
THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXT
LOW TRUST SOCIETIES
LESS WEALTH CREATION
LESS SPONTANEOUS
SOLITARY WORSHIP
SOCIALIBILITY
FAMILY BUSINESS ONLY
LESS SOCIAL CAPITAL
JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXT
HIGH TRUST SOCIETIES
MORE SPONTANEOUS
SOCIALIBILITY
COMMUNITY WORSHIP
MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL
MORE WEALTH
CREATION
MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATE BUSINESS
INDIVIDUAL WORSHIP
I sit here and worship my god
alone…this is my temple.
I perform all the rites of worship
to gods like Ganga, etc…in the
morning and evening.
Cont.
Transparency

High trust societies have a higher social capital

High social capital compels transparency

Transparency reduces corruption
Roots of corruption
Familism
P
Power
o
w
e
r
Lack of social capital