Week 1 notes
Protein structure
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
11 Warmup
Warmup 6/2
• How do the following factors affect enzyme
activity?
– Temperature (temperatura)
– Substrate concentration (cantidad de sustrato)
– Enzyme concentration (cantidad de enzima)
– Competitive inhibition (sustancias inhibidoras)
Protein structure:
• ________________
– Linear sequence of a chain of amino acids
• (this sequence is derived from the cell’s DNA code)
• Secondary
– Shows the ____________________ of the chain due to hydrogen bond
interactions between amino acids in different locations in the chain
– (1 of 2 basic shapes form: alpha helix, pleated sheet)
• _____________
– The folding of an alpha helix or beta sheet back onto itself due to
various intermolecular forces
• Adds stability
• Quaternary
– Complex structure formed by ___________________ polypeptide
chains combining
Protein structure
What do you know about Water?
• How does it contribute to cell structure?
• What is its role in cell transport?
• How does it regulate temperature?
• It is the universal ______.
– Which means…
– Important because….
Minerals and Ions (iones y sales
minerales)
• What are they? Examples?
– ____________________ that you consume in the form of various salts
dissolved in food and water
• Difference between _______________…
– Cat= + (Na+, K+, Mg2+)
– An = - (Cl-, HCO3-, PO43-)
• How do they contribute to the structure of living things?
– Salts precipitate out and form solid/insoluble structures that often have
skeletal function
• How do they function as cofactors/coenzymes for catalysts(enzymes)?
– Enzymes cannot work without co-factors, and each enzyme is designed to
work with a particular co-factor. You have heard of these co-factors, they are
called "minerals” (and vitamins). Unless an enzyme is accompanied by its cofactor/mineral, or a substitute co-factor/mineral, it will simply sit around doing
nothing. ______________________________________________
• How do they regulate pH?
• _____________with either excess H+ or excess OH- _______________________
You need to be familiar with…
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Calcium (Calcio)
Potassium (Potasio)
Sodium (Sodio)
Phosphorus (Fósforo)
Magnesium (Magnesio)
Iron (Hierro)
Zinc (Zinc)
Chlorine (Cloro)
Sulfur (Azufre)
Copper (Cobre)
• …Make flashcards…
• Study them
• Quiz tomorrow
Vitamins…
• You take a vitamin tablet in the morning.
Someone says eat your fruit and vegetables
because they have vitamins.
• What’s so important about vitamins?
•
Functions
THEY DO
• they do help to convert
energy into the energy form
your body uses
• They do improve and assist
enzymatic reactions
THEY DON’T
• While they do not provide
energy like protein from
meat and sugar from
breads,
• They are not components of
tissue structure like
macromolecules.
Classification
Water soluble
(hidrosoluble)
Fat soluble
(liposoluble)
• _____________________
• _________________
• travel freely through the body,
and excess amounts usually
are _________by the kidneys
(_____________)
• Found in fat-containing foods
• _________in the body's cells and
are not excreted as easily as
water-soluble vitamins
• Body needs frequent, small
doses
• Do not need to be replenished as
often because they are stored
• Not as likely to be toxic
(they’re excreted too quickly)
• Too much could be toxic
(especially A and D)
Homework
• Memorize vitamins and minerals
• Quiz over water, vitamins, minerals, enzymes
and protein structure TOMORROW