LO: SWBAT understand why organic
compounds are important to living things?
DN: What inorganic compounds are
essential to living things?
HW: page 48 # 1,2,5
Aim: How are organic compounds
important to living things?
What inorganic compounds are
essential to living things?
75% H2O
Minerals
Vitamins
What organic compounds are
essential to living things?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
an organic compound
made up of sugar
molecules.
What is the chemical formula of a
carbohydrate?
The basic chemical formula is CH2O
Sugar contains C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio
C6H12O6
1) How many Carbons? 6
2) How many Hydrogens? 12
3) How many Oxygens? 6
What are monosaccharides?
The building blocks of carbohydrates
(simple sugar)
Glucose
Galactose
These molecules only differ in how
their atoms are arranged.
Why is glucose so important in
living things?
It is the main fuel (energy) for
cellular work
What does our body do with
glucose when we don’t need it?
Storage
Our body will incorporate glucose into
larger carbohydrates for later use.
GLYCOGEN
How does our body do this?
Dehydration Synthesis
+
Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers are added to
a growing chain to form
polymers
H2O
+
Glucose
Energy
Sucrose
What are Monomers & Polymers?
Monomers- single units
Polymers- many unitschains of monomers strung together.
Polymers are produced through
dehydration synthesis
What is Sucrose?
Sucrose is formed from 2
monosaccharides (glucose
and fructose)
It is called a disaccharide
Double Sugar
What are Polysaccharides?
long chains of monosaccharide
monomers
What are some examples of
polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen, & Cellulose
Starch- made up of glucose monomers
Glycogen- stored energy, made up of
glucose monomers
Cellulose- found in plant cell walls
How do we get energy from
glycogen (polysaccharide)?
HYDROLYSIS
Energy
+
Polysaccharide
H2O
Glucose
What is the difference?
Makes a polymer
from a monomer
Breaks down a
polymer to a monomer
(synthesis= to make)
Lysis= to break
Why are Carbohydrates organic?
• Polymers
CHAINS of sugar
• Used for:
energy storage
structure
TWO
Disaccharide:
sucrose
Polysaccharide:
MANY
starch
Monosaccharide:
ONE
glucose
CONTAINS BOTH CARBON AND
HYDROGEN
Why are Lipids organic?
CONTAINS BOTH CARBON AND
HYDROGEN
Why are proteins organic?
•Contains BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen
• Polymers of amino acids
• Examples:
enzymes
hormones
hemoglobin
Why are Nucleic acids organic?
•Contains both carbon and hydrogen
•Polymers of nucleotides
• DNA & RNA
• Both can replicate and store information
How are polymers made?
Dehydration Synthesis
+
How are polymers broken down?
Hydrolysis
What’s happening?
What organic
molecule does
this cat have too
much of?