Aim: How are organic compounds
important to living things?
What inorganic compounds are
essential to living things?
75% H2O
Minerals
Vitamins
Organic and Inorganic
Compounds What is this
ugly creature
made of?
We are made
of organic
and
inorganic
molecules!
What organic compounds are essential to
living things?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
What makes a molecule organic?
Carbohydrates, proteins, Lipids and Nucleic
Acids are considered organic because they
contain carbon- hydrogen bonds, whereas
inorganic molecules do not.
What are Monomers & Polymers?
Monomers- are small, single molecular units like glucose
and fructose.
Polymers- are a chains of monomers strung together.
Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis and
broken down through hydrolysis.
Dehydration- take H2O out
Hydrolysis- Put H2O in
What is the difference?
Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers are added to
a growing chain to form
polymers
H2O
+
Glucose
Energy
Sucrose
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar
molecules.
What is the chemical formula of a
carbohydrate?
The basic chemical formula is C6H12O6
Sugar contains C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio
1) How many Carbons?
6
2) How many Hydrogens?
12
3) How many Oxygens?
6
C6H12O6
What are monosaccharides?
The building blocks of carbohydrates (simple sugar)
Glucose
Galactose
These molecules only differ in how their atoms are
arranged.
Why is glucose so important in
living things?
Glucose is the main fuel for
cellular work
What does our body do with glucose
when we don’t need it?
Storage
Our body will incorporate glucose into larger
carbohydrates for later use through dehydration Synthesis
What is Sucrose?
Sucrose is formed from 2
monosaccharides (glucose
and fructose)
It is called a disaccharide
Double Sugar
What are Polysaccharides?
Are long chains of monosaccharide monomers
What are some examples of
polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen, & Cellulose
Starch- is a polysaccharide found in plant cells that
consists entirely of glucose monomers
Glycogen- is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers
found in humans. Glycogen is stored as granules in our
cells and is broken down when our body needs energy
Cellulose- is a polysaccharide found in plants that help
Stiffen plants to give them support.
How do we get energy from
glycogen?
Energy
+
Polysaccharide
H2O
Glucose
Why are Lipids organic?
• Contain carbon and hydrogen
• Used for:
Energy storage
What has more energy?
Membranes
Why are proteins organic?
• contain carbon and hydrogen
• Examples:
enzymes
hormones
hemoglobin
Why are Nucleic acids organic?
• contain carbon and hydrogen
• DNA & RNA
• Both can replicate and store information