The Renaissance
The Renaissance
What is the Renaissance?
Rebirth of Art &
●
Learning.
●*Began in Northern Italy
around 1300
●*Spread North into
France & England
Why Italy v. Northern Europe
France & England
embroiled in 100 Years
War
●Black Death impacted
trade in N. Europe
●Italian city-states were
wealthy
●
Centers of trade &
commerce
●
Who were the Medici?
Wealthy merchants from
Florence.
●
Fortune in trade & banking.
●
Ruled city for several
generations.
●
Used intimidation & fear
●
Patrons = Supporters of the
●
Arts
Lorenzo de Medici
Famous Patrons
Caterina Sforza of Milan
Isabella D’Este of Mantua
Banking
●
●
Medici along w/
others made their
wealth w/ banking.
Money loaned w/
interest – Usury –
$$$$$$$$$
What is Humanism?
●New
interest in classical texts of
Rome & Greece.
Focused? Human
achievement & potential.
●
Artists & Architects revive classical
traditions.
●Popularized The Humanities
●
History
●Literature
●Philosophy
●
Renaissance Intellectual Movements
Humanism – celebrates glory &
●
power of humans as an important
part of world.
●Classicism – return to ideals of
Greece & Rome in intellectual
thought, art, & architecture
●Secularism – interest in nonreligious world & enjoyment of
worldly pleasures.
Essential Knowledge
213. The Renaissance was inspired by what 2
Classical civilizations?
214. In what country did the Renaissance
begin?
215. What family ruled the Italian city-state
of Florence?
216. What new industry brought wealth to
Western Europe?
Renaissance
Art
Renaissance Art
Portrayed religious figures but in
a more realistic style than their
Medieval predecessors
●Greek & Roman subjects became
more popular
●Focused more on Secular rather
than Religious subjects
●Painters began to paint
prominent citizens
●
Could afford to have portraits
made
●
Michelangelo
Glorified the Human Body
●
Excelled in every area of study
●
Painter, Sculptor, Architect,
Poet.
●
Created figures that were
forceful & heroic.
●
Explored theme of Human
Potential.
●
The Sistine Chapel
Statue of
David
Donatello
●
●
●
Sculptor
Natural Postures & Expressions
Best known for work in bronze &
his statue of a young David
Rediscovered technique of
perspective & 3-Dimensions.
●
Madonna and Child
The Annunciation
David
Leonardo
Da Vinci
Painter, Sculptor,
Inventor, Scientist.
●
●
“Renaissance Man”
Filled his books w/
observations & sketches
of inventions.
●
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Study of
Muscles
Vitruvian
Raphael
Learned from Da Vinci & Michelangelo
●
* Most famous works include Madonna & Child &
School of Athens showing the men of Renaissance Italy
learning at the feet of the masters of Greece
●
Sandro Boticelli
The Birth of Venus
Masaccio
The Tribute Money ------fresco
Renaissance Literature
●Most
wrote in their
Vernacular – native
language.
●Reflected their own
time.
●Wrote for SelfExpression
Francesco Petrarch
Wrote in lingua franca of
Latin, also his vernacularItalian
●Famous for his Sonnets.
●Known as “Father of
Humanism”
●
From the collection “Il Conzaniere”
I have not seen you, lady,
leave off your veil in sun or shadow,
since you knew that great desire in myself
that all other wishes in the heart desert me.
While I held the lovely thoughts concealed,
that make the mind desire death,
I saw your face adorned with pity:
but when Love made you wary of me,
then blonde hair was veiled,
and loving glances gathered to themselves.
that which I most desired in you is taken from me:
the veil so governs me
that to my death, and by heat and cold,
the sweet light of you lovely eyes is shadowed.
Essential Knowledge
217. What artist/scientist was considered to be the
true ‘Renaissance Man?’
218. What famous artist was commissioned to paint
the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
219. What writer was famous for his sonnets & was
called the ‘Father of Humanism?’
220. What philosophy focused on Human potential
& achievement?
Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote “The Prince” (1513)
●Political Science – the study
of government
●Examines imperfect conduct
of human beings.
●Examines how rulers gain &
keep power
●Advocated use of force by
rulers if necessary
●“End justifies the Means”
●POWER! POWER!
●
Excerpt from “The Prince”, Chapter V
Whenever those states which have been acquired as stated have
been accustomed to live under their own laws and freedom,
there are three courses for those who wish to hold them:
The first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, the
third is to permit them to live under their own laws, drawing a
tribute (payment for protection), and establishing within it an
oligarchy ( small government) which will keep it friendly to you.
Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows
that is cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and
does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would
keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by
the means of its own citizens than in any other way.
Essential Knowledge
221. Who wrote the famous book The Prince?
222. The Prince was a study of government referred
to as ___________ ___________.
223. In The Prince, Machiavelli advocated the use of
___________ by a ruler if necessary.
224. A word that best sums up Machiavelli’s advice
is ___________.
The Northern
Renaissance
Northern Renaissance
Spread through trade
●England, France, Flanders, &
Germany.
●Plague & The Hundred Years
War ends
●
●
population surge
Ideas of Italian Renaissance
+
Christian Humanist Ideas
●
Northern Renaissance Art
* Artists portrayed religious subjects but also
focused on more secular subjects.
●Artists were known to use color more boldly
Jan Van Eyck
The Arnolfini Marriage
Jan Van Eyck
by
Hans Holbein
Henry VIII
Albrecht Durer
Known for his woodcuts
Peter Bruegel
The Peasant Marriage
Northern Renaissance Writers
●Best
known were the
Christian Humanists
– combined Italian ideas of
Humanism w/ established ideas
of Catholic Church
●
Two most famous were good
friends
●
Sir Thomas More & Desiderius
Erasmus.
●
Sir Thomas More
1478-1543
●Wrote famous book “Utopia”
●“Utopia” describes perfect
society based on Christian
principle
●Thomas More beheaded for
defying King Henry VIII when he
proclaimed himself head of Church
of England
●
Utopia, 1516
Gold and Silver, of which money is made, are so
treated ….. That no one values them more highly
than their true nature deserve. Who does not see
that they are far inferior to iron in usefulness
since without iron mortals cannot live any more
that without fire and water?
Desiderius Erasmus
1466-1536
●Wrote ‘The Praise of Folly’
●Written as humor for friend,
Thomas More.
●Described his disdain for
current state of Catholic
Church - corruption
●Forerunner to men like
Martin Luther.
●
The Praise of Folly, 1511
As for the theologians, perhaps it would be better
to pass them over in silence, “not stirring up the
hornet’s nest” and “not laying a finger on the
stinkweed,” since this race of men is incredibly
arrogant and touchy. For they might rise up en
masse and march in ranks against me with six
hundred conclusions and force me to recant. And if
I should refuse, they would immediately shout
“heretic.” For this is the thunderbolt they always
keep ready at a moment’s notice to terrify anyone
to whom they are not favorably inclined.
William Shakespeare
English writer:
●
●
books & plays
Came later than other
Renaissance writers: wrote in
the style of those who came
before
●Wrote ‘current stories’ as
well as portrayed historical
figures like “Julius Caesar”
●
Question:
What invention not only spread
the ideas of the Renaissance but
also changed the way man
communicated?
Answer: The Printing Press
Inspired by Chinese
●
Block Printing
●Movable type
●
Johann Gutenberg
●
Mainz, Germany
●reinvented movable type to meet
growing demands of reading
materials●first printing press
●
Printed The Gutenberg Bible - 1st
complete book created w/ printing
press
●
Gutenberg
Press
Bible
Impact of the Renaissance
●
Influences other art styles/literature
2. Led to movements such as the Elizabethan
Age in England.
3. Emphasis on the dignity of the individual
becomes stepping stone for the rise of the ideas
of Democracy.
Essential Knowledge
225. Northern Renaissance writers combined
the ideas of the Italian Renaissance with
_______________.
226. What invention revolutionized the
production of literature?
227. Who wrote the famous book Utopia?
228. Who wrote the famous book The Praise
of Folly?
➤Artist, architect, mathematician
➤Studied anatomy to draw more realistic human
figures
➤Painted a mural depicting the last meeting of Jesus
and his disciples
➤Painted the portrait known as “Mona Lisa”
The information in the chart above best describes
which of these individuals of the Renaissance?
A.Raphael
B.Michelangelo
C.daVinci
D.Botticelli
Which of these is not a characteristic of
Renaissance painting?
A.realistic portrait painting
B.subject matter limited to Christian themes
C.settings reflecting the world of the artists
D.painting showing depth and perspective
A major reason that the Renaissance
began in Italy was that
A.merchants supported the Green
Revolution
B.many European scholars had migrated
to this area.
C.Italian city-states had grown wealthy
from trade between Europe and Asia
D.farmers produced great agricultural
surpluses on vast plains
In his book The Prince, Niccolo
Machiavelli advises that a wise ruler is
one who
A.keeps taxes and food prices low
B.encourages education and the arts
C.allows advisors to speak their minds
D.does what is necessary to stay in power
What is meant by Machiavelli's belief
that "the end justifies the means"?
A.The general public always acts in its
own best interest
B.Pleasing all of the people at any given
time is possible
C.Leaders must always act for the
common good.
D.Leaders may use any method to
achieve what is best for the state
Which statement best expresses an idea held by
many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
A.governments should establish overseas
empires
B.People should study worldly subjects as well
as sacred matters
C.individuals should withdraw from the world
and study religion
D.scholars should dedicate themselves to the
study of life after death