MBCx Projects – Programs, Process, and Results
Soda, Tan, Shields and Wurster
David Jump, Ph.D., P.E., Matt Denny, P.E.
Quantum Energy Services & Technologies, Inc.
Arch 249X: The Secret Life of
Buildings, Oct. 2008
Overview
This presentation will discuss:
 Process and Benefits of Monitoring-Based
Commissioning
• Differences with RCx
 Integration of M&V in RCx
 Results from 3 Buildings
 Progress on Wurster
 Discussion
2
Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx)
• Third-Party Energy Efficiency Partnership Program
 Funded by public goods charges under auspices of CPUC
 Available to University of California and California State
University Campuses
• One of multiple RCx programs in California:
 PG&E Core RCx Program
 PG&E RCx Services and Incentives Program
 SCE RCx Program
 SCE/LA County RCx Partnership (LA County buildings only)
 San Diego RCx Program
3
MBCx Project Scope
RCx Process
• Planning Phase
 Initial site visit
 Review documentation
 Identify project requirements
 Provide commissioning plan
• Investigation Phase
 Inventory equipment
 Calibrate sensors, conduct PM activities
 Develop and carry out functional tests
 Identify operational deficiencies
Additional MBCx Elements
• Planning Phase
 Develop M&V Plan (IPMVP or ASHRAE 14)
 Add energy metering
• electric interval, gas pulse, steam, etc.
• systems level (e.g. chillers, AHU, etc.)
• Investigation Phase
 Begin monitoring
• Energy
• Independent variables (OAT, etc.)
 Develop Baseline energy model
 Document costs and benefits to correct
deficiencies
• Implementation Phase
 Install and commission measures
 Document improved performance
• Hand-off Phase
 Provide final report
 Provide training
• Implementation Phase
 Collect post-installation data
 Develop post-installation model
 Determine Savings
• Hand-off Phase
 Establish energy tracking system
 Provide periodic savings reports
 Address deficient performance
4
Approach
Gas Meter
Hot Water Plant
Chilled Water Plant
MCC
DHW
• Select measurement boundary
VSD
Air Handling Unit
VSD
L
P
Men
• Option C - Whole Building
Women
L
• Option B: Retrofit Isolation (HVAC
Systems)
P
L
P
L
kWh Meter
P
Lighting and
Plug Load
5
Approach
CW
Pump
Cooling Tower
SCHW
Pumps
• Defining Systems - by ‘Services’
provided
Chiller
PCHW
Pump
 Chilled water system:
• Chiller, CHW pumps, etc.
 Air handling system:
• Supply fan, return fan,
exhaust fan
VSD
 Hot water system:
• Boiler, HW pumps
VSD
Boiler
VSD
6
CHW
Three Case Studies
• UC Berkeley
 Soda Hall – Computer Science Building, 109,000 ft2
 Tan Hall – Chemistry Building (100% OA), 106,000 ft2
• UC Davis
 Shields Library – main undergraduate library, 400,070 ft2
7
Soda Hall
• UC Berkeley’s Computer Science Department (24/7 operation)
• 109,000 ft2
• Central Plant (2 - 215 ton chillers & associated equipment)
• Steam to hot water heating
• 3 Main VAV AHUs,
 AHU1 serves building core,
 AHUs 3 and 4 serve the perimeter, with hot water reheat
8
Soda Hall RCx Findings
Savings
System
Measure
No.
Description
AHU-1
AHU1-2
Resume supply air temperature
reset control and return
economizer to normal operation
AHU1-3
Repair/replace VFDs in return fans
AHU1-4
Reduce high minimum VAV box
damper position
AHU3-2 &
AHU4-2
AHUs 3 & 4
AHU3-3 &
AHU4-3
Option 2: Reduce high minimum
VAV box damper position
Re-establish scheduled fan
operation and VAV AHU-3
(includes repair/replace VFD on
return fan EF-17), AHU-4 (includes
repair/replace VFDs on supply SF18 and return EF-19 fans, and
elimination of low VFD speed
setting during the day)
Implementation
Date
Energy,
kWh/yr
Energy,
lbs/yr
Dollars,
$/yr
Cost, $
Payback,
yr
10/25/2006
129,800
266,250
$19,004
$1,550
0.1
10/25/2006
34,308
$4,460
$7,000
1.6
3/9/2006
46,300
119,300
$6,973
$15,250
2.2
3/9/2006
30,600
2,328,100
$22,603
$17,250
0.8
10/25/2006
242,000
$31,460
$14,000
0.4
$55,050
0.7
Total
Percentage
Savings
Utility Data
483,008
2,713,650
$84,500
10%
51%
14%
Steam
Electricity
Cost
9
5,325,717
4,871,678
$621,575
lbs
kWhr
M&V Approach for Soda Hall
• Assessment:
 Whole-building electric and steam meters present
 EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals
 8-month history of data
 RCx measures in AHU and Chilled Water Systems
• Electric and steam savings
 Very high EUI – unsure if can discern savings at whole building
level
• M&V Approach:
 Option B – applied at systems level (electric only)
 Option C – whole building level (electric and steam)
10
Soda Hall Affected Systems
System
Equipment
Whole Building
Main Electric Meters (2)
Main Steam Meters (2)
Chilled Water System
Chillers 1 and 2
Primary Chilled Water Pumps P-5, P-6
Secondary Chilled Water Pumps, P-3, P-4
Condenser Water System
Cooling Towers
Condenser Water Pumps P-7, P-8
Air Distribution System
AHU-1, SF-11, EF-12, EF-13
AHU-2, SF-14, EF-15
AHU-3, SF-16, SF-17
AHU-4, SF-18, SF-19
AHU-5, SF-20
Chiller Room Fans
Chiller Room 181, SF-2, EF-2
Chiller Room 179, SF-3A, SF-3B, EF-1A, EF-1B
Affected
by ECM?
X
Available Points
kW
lb
X
kW
Status
VFD speed
X
High/Low Status
Status
X
VFD speed
Status
VFD speed
VFD speed
Status
Status
Status
AC Units
Condenser Water Pumps P-9, P-10
AC-31 through AC-41
Hot Water System
Hot Water Pumps P-1, P-2
11
VFD speed
Status
X
VFD Speed
Define the Baseline Period & Collect Data
• 8 months of trended data collected
• Baseline period selected to cover widest range of operating
conditions ~ 3 months.
• Energy use for each system to be totaled each day
 Basis for analysis and reporting
• “Proxy” Variables on EMCS:
 Constant load equipment: measure operating kW
• Equipment status becomes proxy for kW
 Variable load equipment: log kW and VFD speed
• VFD speed signal becomes proxy for kW
12
“Proxy” Variable: VFD speed for kW
35
AHU-1 Fan kW
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
AHU-1 Fan Speed %
Actual
13
Cubic polynomial
100
120
Baseline Model: Soda Hall
• Total Building Electric
Building Steam
• Peak Period Electric
HVAC System Electric
14
9/
2
00
6
2/
20
0
13 6
/2
00
2/
15 6
/2
00
2/
17 6
/2
00
2/
19 6
/2
00
2/
21 6
/2
00
2/
23 6
/2
00
2/
25 6
/2
00
2/
27 6
/2
00
6
3/
1/
20
06
3/
3/
20
06
3/
5/
20
06
3/
7/
20
10
06
/3
1/
20
06
11
/2
/2
00
11
6
/4
/2
00
11
6
/6
/2
00
11
6
/8
/2
00
11
6
/1
0/
20
11
06
/1
2/
20
11
06
/1
4/
20
11
06
/1
6/
20
11
06
/1
8/
20
11
06
/2
0/
20
11
06
/2
2/
20
11
06
/2
4/
20
11
06
/2
6/
20
11
06
/2
8/
20
06
11
/
2/
2/
Daily kWh Use
Soda Hall M&V: HVAC Systems
4,500
4,000
Baseline Model:
kWh = 79.9*OAT + 1129
RMSE = 136 kWh
Date
Break
HVAC Daily kWh Usage
Post-Install Model:
kWh = 44.1*OAT - 336
RMSE = 213 kWh
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
500
0
Date
Baseline
15
Post-Install Model
Soda Hall: Estimated vs. Verified Savings
Source
kWh
kW
Lbs. Steam
Verified Savings**
Estimated
Savings*
Whole Building
HVAC System
483,008
2,713,650
216,716
22
854,407
462,472
50
* based on eQUEST model
** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data
16
Tan Hall
• UC Berkeley’s Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Departments
• 106,000 ft2
• Central Plant (475 ton chiller & associated equipment)
• Steam heating
• 1 Main 100% outside air VAV AHU
 4 100-HP Supply Fans
 4 60-HP Exhaust Fans
17
Tan Hall RCx Findings
Savings
System
Chilled Water
AHU-3
Measure
No.
Energy,
kWh/yr
Description
CHW-1 &
CW-1
Eliminate simultaneous chilled water pump and condenser
water pump operation
CH-5
Chiller outside air lockout temperature set point not operating
CH-6
AHU3-4
Peak
Energy, lbs/yr Demand, Dollars, $/yr
kW
Cost, $
Payback
, yr
68,849
-
33.3
$9,639
$2,900
0.3
361,184
-
0.5
$29,046
$0
-
Chiller outside air lockout temperature and Sat set point
change
119,767
-
8.3
$16,767
$0
-
Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling
103,775
10,543,991
48.8
$98,880
653,575
10,543,991
90.8
$154,332
$2,900
0.0
14%
62%
Total
Percentage Savings
19%
Utility Data
Gas
Electricity
17,139,542
4,720,647
lbs
kWhr
$798,007
18
M&V Approach for Tan Hall
• Assessment:
 Whole-building electric and steam meters present
 EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals
 8-month history of data
 RCx measures in Chilled Water System and main AHU
• Electric and steam savings
• M&V Approach:
 Option B – applied at systems level (electric only)
 Option C – whole building level (electric and steam)
19
Tan Hall Affected Systems
System
Equipment
Whole Building
Main 480/277 Electric Meter
Main 220/110 Electric Meter
Main Steam Meter
Chilled Water System
Chiller (VS)
Primary Chilled Water Pumps CHWP-1, CHWP-2 (CS)
Condenser Water System
Condenser Water Pumps CDWP-1, CDWP-2 (CS)
Cooling Tower (CS, 2-speed)
AHU-3
AHU-3 Supply Fans SF-1, SF-2, SF-3, SF-4 (CS)
AHU-3 Exhaust Fans EF-1, EF-2, EF-3, EF-4 (CS)
Terminal Boxes and Fume Hoods associated with AHU-3
AHU-1
AHU-1 Chemical Storage AH-1, SE-1
AHU-2
AHU-2 Chemical Storage AH-2, SE-2
Heating Water System
Heat Exchanger HWC-1
Hot Water Pumps HHWP-1, HHWP-2
Lighting System
Lighting Circuits
Plug Loads
Plug Load Circuits
Domestic Water
Domestic Water Pumps
20
Affected by
ECM?
X
Available
Points
kW
kW
lbs/hr
X
kW
Status
X
Status
Not Avail.
X
S/S & Speed
S/S & Speed
NA
Status
Status
X
Status
NA
NA
NA
M&V Models: Tan Hall
Whole Building Electric
Whole Building Steam
Peak Period Electric
Chilled Water System Electric
21
Tan Hall M&V: Whole-Building Electric
25,000
80
Baseline Model
R2 = 0.75
RMSE = 581 kWh
New Baseline
R2 = 0.88
RMSE = 438 kWh
70
20,000
50
15,000
40
10,000
Deg. F
Daily kWh
60
30
20
5,000
10
0
0
6/1/2006
6/3/2006
6/5/2006
6/7/2006
6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006
Date
Total Building Daily kWh
Average Daily Outside Air Temperature
22
Baseline
New Baseline
Tan Hall M&V: Whole-Building Steam
90,000
80
Baseline Model
80,000
70
70,000
60
New Baseline
Daily Steam lbs
60,000
50,000
40
40,000
Deg. F
50
30
30,000
20
20,000
10
10,000
0
0
6/1/2006 6/3/2006 6/5/2006 6/7/2006 6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006
Date
Steam
Baseline
New Baseline
23
Average Daily Outside Air Temperature
Tan Hall M&V: Chilled Water System
6,000
80
Baseline Model
R2 = 0.87
RMSE = 486 kWh
70
5,000
60
New Baseline
R2 = 0.95
RMSE = 251 kWh
50
3,000
40
Deg. F
Daily kWh
4,000
30
2,000
20
1,000
10
0
0
6/1/2006
6/3/2006
6/5/2006
6/7/2006
6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006
Date
Chilled Water System
Average Daily Outside Air Temperature
24
Baseline
New Baseline
Tan Hall: Estimated vs. Verified Savings
Source
kWh
kW
Lbs. Steam
Verified Savings**
Estimated
Savings*
Whole Building
CHW System
653,575
91
10,543,991
663,184
69
5,995,232
686,519
* based on engineering calculations
** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data
25
Shields Library
• UC Davis Undergraduate Library
• 400,072 ft2
• Chilled Water and Steam provided by campus central plant
 2 CHW service entrances, variable volume
 2 HW service entrances
• 11 AHU, 3 VAV, 8 CAV
• 5 electric meters
26
Shields Library RCx Findings
System
AC01 & AC02
Description of Deficiencies/Findings
• Excessive fan speed due to failure to meet static pressure set point
• Economizer malfunction
• Simultaneous heating and cooling in air stream
AC21, AC25,
AC25, AC51,
AC53, AC54,
AH1, AH2, AH3
• Economizer Repair
• Economizer Control Optimization
• Supply Air Temperature Reset with Occupancy Schedule
CHW & HW
Pumps
• Chilled water supply temp set point reset
• Chilled water pump lockout
• Reset CHW EOL pressure set point
• Savings: no estimates prior to measure implementation
27
M&V Approach for Shields Library
• Assessment:
 Whole-building meters present:
• 5 electric meters
• 2 CHW meters (installed as part of project)
• 3 HW meters (installed as part of project)
 EMS that trends all points at 5 min intervals
 RCx measures in AHU, CHW and HW pumps
• Electric, chilled water, and hot water savings
• M&V Approach:
 Option C – whole building level
28
Shields Library: M&V Models
Electric
Chilled Water
500
8,000
450
7,000
400
Tons Per Day
350
5,000
4,000
3,000
300
250
200
150
2,000
100
1,000
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
40
80
50
60
70
Baseline Model
Baseline Data
Post Model
EXP CHW
Post Data
EXP CHW Model
800
700
Steam
80
90
100
OAT (Deg F)
OAT
600
MBTU per Day
Daily kWh Use
6,000
500
400
300
200
100
0
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OAT (Deg F)
HHW
HHW Model
29
HHW Post
HHW Post Model
110
Post EXP CHW
Post EXP CHW Model
110
20
1/ 07
7/
2
1/ 00
10 7
/2
1/ 00
13 7
/2
1/ 00
16 7
/2
1/ 00
19 7
/2
1/ 00
22 7
/2
1/ 00
25 7
/2
1/ 00
28 7
/2
1/ 00
31 7
/2
0
2/ 07
3/
20
4/ 07
1/
20
4/ 07
4/
20
4/ 07
7/
2
4/ 00
10 7
/2
4/ 00
13 7
/2
4/ 00
16 7
/2
4/ 00
19 7
/2
4/ 00
22 7
/2
4/ 00
25 7
/2
4/ 00
28 7
/2
0
5/ 07
1/
20
5/ 07
4/
20
5/ 07
7/
2
5/ 00
10 7
/2
5/ 00
13 7
/2
5/ 00
16 7
/2
5/ 00
19 7
/2
00
7
1/
4/
Daily kWh Use
Shields Library: 480V Electric Meter Savings
8,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 10%
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
Date
Daily kWh Usage
30
Date
Break
Baseline
8/
11
8/ /20
12 07
8/ /20
13 07
8/ /20
14 07
8/ /20
15 07
8/ /20
16 07
8/ /20
17 07
8/ /20
18 07
8/ /20
19 07
8/ /20
20 07
8/ /20
21 07
8/ /20
22 07
8/ /20
23 07
8/ /20
24 07
8/ /20
25 07
8/ /20
26 07
8/ /20
27 07
8/ /20
28 07
8/ /20
29 07
/2
9/ 00
6/ 7
2
9/ 00
7/ 7
2
9/ 00
10 8/2 7
/2 00
10 4/2 7
/2 00
10 5/2 7
/2 00
10 6/2 7
/2 00
10 7/2 7
/2 00
10 8/2 7
/2 00
9 7
11 /20
/1 07
11 /20
/2 07
11 /20
/3 07
11 /20
/4 07
11 /20
/5 07
11 /20
/6 07
/2
00
7
Daily CHW Use (Ton-hrs)
Shields Library: Chilled Water Savings
7,000
6,000
5,000
1,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .8
RMSE = 26%
4,000
3,000
2,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
Date
Daily CHW Usage
31
Date
Break
Baseline
Daily HW Usage
32
Date
Baseline
Date
Break
11/6/2007
11/5/2007
11/4/2007
11/3/2007
11/2/2007
11/1/2007
16,000
10/29/2007
10/28/2007
10/27/2007
10/26/2007
10/25/2007
10/24/2007
9/8/2007
9/7/2007
9/6/2007
8/29/2007
8/28/2007
8/27/2007
8/26/2007
8/25/2007
8/24/2007
8/23/2007
8/22/2007
8/21/2007
8/20/2007
8/19/2007
8/18/2007
8/17/2007
8/16/2007
8/15/2007
8/14/2007
8/13/2007
8/12/2007
8/11/2007
8/10/2007
Daily HW Use (MBH)
Shields Library: Hot Water Savings
18,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 5%
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
Costs
Metering
Costs
Soda Hall
$
4,442
Tan Hall
$
22,573
Shields Library $
26,000
Building
MBCx Agent
Costs
$
62,160
$
53,000
$
96,795
In-House
Costs
$
51,087
$
15,300
$
57,757
Total
$
$
$
• Including all costs, project remains cost-effective:
 Soda Hall: 1.7 year payback
 Tan Hall: 0.7 year payback
 Shields Library: 1.0 year payback
• Added costs of metering hardware and software did not
overburden project’s costs
• In private sector – metering costs lower
 Existing electric meters
 Sophisticated BAS systems
 MBCx approach should be viable
33
117,689
90,873
180,552