Integrating Measurement & Verification in
Existing Building Commissioning Projects
IPMVP Options B and C
David Jump, Ph.D., P.E.
Principal
Quantum Energy Services & Technologies, Inc. (QuEST)
www.quest-world.com
1
Presentation Overview

This presentation will discuss:






Need for M&V in EBCx projects
CCC’s Verification of Savings Guideline
M&V Methodology & Approach
Overlap with EBCx projects
Procedure
Case Studies
2
Benefits of EBCx

Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Equipment reliability
Equipment Maintenance
More…

Most quantifiable benefit: Energy Savings




3
Need for M&V in EBCx

EBCx Energy Savings

Typically ~5% of whole building energy use


Cannot “see” at main meters
Based on data collected before improvements
made


Called “ex-ante” savings estimates
No standard calculation methodologies for ex-ante
savings
4
Ex-Ante Savings Calculations
A
Baseline Operation
w/ IGV
Air
Volume
Flow Rate
Profile
%
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
91%
89%
87%
85%
83%
81%
79%
77%
75%
74%
72%
70%
68%
66%
64%
62%
60%
58%
57%
55%
53%
51%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
Speed
%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
IGV
Power
Ratio
[Note 1]
%
109%
105%
102%
99%
96%
93%
90%
87%
85%
84%
83%
81%
80%
78%
77%
76%
74%
73%
73%
71%
70%
69%
68%
67%
66%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
D
Proposed Operation
w/o IGV, w/ VFD High Limit & w/ VFD Modulation
Power
Annual
Energy
Use
kW
12.8
12.3
12.0
11.6
11.3
10.9
10.6
10.2
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.5
9.4
9.2
9.0
8.9
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
12.8
kWh/Yr
51
74
96
267
362
436
244
602
750
782
1,358
1,055
808
1,003
801
454
835
774
697
1,212
869
1,013
1,048
940
562
1,284
958
1,041
1,467
631
509
456
319
152
122
122
84
122
23
24,379
Air
Volume
Flow Rate
Profile
%
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
91%
89%
87%
85%
83%
81%
79%
77%
75%
74%
72%
70%
68%
66%
64%
62%
60%
58%
57%
55%
53%
51%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
Speed
w/ VFD
Modulation
%
89.3%
87.6%
85.9%
84.2%
82.6%
80.9%
79.2%
77.5%
75.8%
74.1%
72.5%
70.8%
69.1%
67.4%
65.7%
64.0%
62.3%
60.7%
59.0%
57.3%
55.6%
53.9%
52.2%
50.5%
48.9%
47.2%
45.5%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
44.7%
VFD
Power
Annual
Power
w/ VFD
Energy
Ratio Modulation
Use
[Note 2]
%
kW
kWh/Yr
71%
9.1
36
68%
8.4
50
64%
7.7
62
63%
7.3
168
60%
6.8
218
57%
6.2
248
56%
5.9
136
53%
5.4
319
50%
5.0
375
49%
4.9
387
46%
4.5
630
44%
4.2
466
43%
4.0
344
40%
3.7
403
38%
3.4
303
37%
3.3
168
34%
3.0
288
32%
2.8
252
30%
2.6
211
28%
2.3
336
26%
2.1
223
24%
1.9
238
23%
1.8
236
21%
1.7
202
19%
1.5
108
19%
1.4
237
17%
1.3
164
16%
1.2
164
16%
1.2
232
16%
1.2
100
16%
1.2
80
16%
1.2
72
16%
1.2
50
16%
1.2
24
16%
1.2
19
16%
1.2
19
16%
1.2
13
16%
1.2
19
16%
1.2
4
9.1
7,603
Savings = 24,379 – 7,603 =
16,776 kWh annually
(?)
5
Data Requirements

In example:

Trends of fan power and weather required
 Sources:






Building automation system
Independent loggers
Local weather stations
Data preparation requirements:
 Merge data sets
 Prepare analysis ‘bins’
Analysis
 Model systems
 Make assumptions
 QA on result (“reasonableness”)
Savings calculation effort takes time, focus, & resources
away from commissioning the building!
6
Need for M&V in EBCx

Need confidence that savings are real


Typ. project cost: $20k to $100k
Owners


Need assurance of return on investment
Utility programs

Need to justify expense of ratepayer moneys
7
“Confidence”

Expressed as “Uncertainty”


Less uncertainty = more confidence
Ex-ante savings:

No way to determine savings uncertainty


e.g 16,776 kWh  ???
Uncertainty may only be determined by:


Calculations using measurements of energy use
before and after ECM installed
e.g. 16,776  839 kWh (10%)
8
Methodology Overview

This methodology is based on:



Continuously monitored building data
Regression-based energy modeling
Applied to:



Whole building
Building subsystems
Written for integration in EBCx projects

Large overlap between M&V and EBCx processes
9
Guideline - Contents







Introduction
General Description of M&V Process
M&V Approach
How to design a
Required Resources
good M&V Plan
Analysis Methods
Measurement and Verification Process
Appendices




A: Empirical Models
B: Uncertainty Analysis
C: Example M&V Plan
D: Example Projects
10
Measurement & Verification Graphical Concept
700
600
Adjusted Baseline
500
kWh
400
300
Measured energy use
200
Baseline
Period
Post-Installation
Period
100
kWh actual
l-1
0
Ju
10
Ja
n-
l-0
9
Ju
09
Ja
n-
l-0
8
Ju
08
Ja
n-
l-0
7
Ju
07
Ja
n-
l-0
6
Ju
06
Ja
n-
l-0
5
Ju
Ja
n-
05
0
kWh baseline
11
M&V - Basic Equation
Energy Savings = Baseline Energy
– Post-Installation Period Energy
± Adjustments

Adjustments are:
 Routine Adjustments
 Non-Routine Adjustments
12
Routine Adjustments

Normal and expected variations in energy use
due to operating conditions, normal productions,
etc.

Equation becomes:
Energy Savings = Adjusted Baseline Energy
– Post-Installation Period Energy
± Non-Routine Adjustments
13
Non-Routine Adjustments

Energy use (or lack of) due to nonroutine events, occupancy or equipment
changes, etc.

Examples:




Tenant moving in or out of a space
Chiller failure and replacement
Major renovation project
Etc.
14
Focus of this Guideline

Whole Building (IPMVP Option C)



Individual building systems (IPMVP Option B)




Short-term interval data from Utility or energy
information systems (EIS)
Meters connected to EMCS and trended
EMCS trends
Other energy information system data
Temporary or permanently installed meters
2 different approaches, 1 method
15
(Guideline p.2)
M&V Process
EBCx Process
Baseline Period

Define Scope of M&V Activity

Identify purpose/goals of M&V activity

Identify affected systems

Design the M&V Process

Assess Project & Source of Savings

Define Approach

Add points & collect data

Energy and indep. variable (OAT, etc.)

Bldg. level: gas pulse, steam meter, etc.

Systems: Chiller kW, other var. loads

Document the baseline

Equipment inventory and operations

Develop baseline energy model

Assess baseline model

Finalize and Document the M&V Plan
Scope of Cx Activity

Identify purpose/goals of Cx activity

Describe roles of involved parties

Identify systems included in Cx process
Planning Phase

Establish bldg. requirements

Review available info./ visit site / interview
operators

Develop EBCx Plan

Document operation conditions
Investigation Phase

Identify current building needs

Facility performance analysis

Diagnostic monitoring

System testing

Create list of findings
Implementation Phase

Prioritize recommendations

Install/Implement recommendations

Commission Recommendations

Document improved performance
Turnover Phase

Update building documentation

Develop final report

Update Systems Manual

Plan ongoing commissioning

Provide Training
Persistence Phase

Monitor and track energy use

Monitor and track non-energy metrics

Trend key system parameters

Document changes

Implement persistence strategies
Post-Installation Period

Verify proper performance

Collect post-installation data

Develop post-install model

Verify savings at conclusion of EBCx

Develop Savings Report
Persistence Phase

Verify continued equipment performance

Establish energy tracking system

Provide periodic savings reports
16
M&V
Approach
Gas Meter
Hot Water Plant
Chilled Water Plant
MCC
DHW

Select
measurement
boundary
VSD
Air Handling Unit
VSD
L
P

Men
Women
Option C - Whole
Building
L

Option B: Retrofit
Isolation (HVAC
Systems)
P
L
P
(Guideline p.9)
L
kWh Meter
P
Lighting and
Plug Load
17
Retrofit Isolation
CW
Pump
Cooling Tower

SCHW
Pumps
Defining Systems - by
‘Services’ provided

Chiller, CHW pumps, etc.
Air handling system:


PCHW
Pump
Chilled water system:


Chiller
Supply fan, return fan,
exhaust fan
VSD
Hot water system:

CHW
VSD
Boiler, HW pumps
Boiler
VSD
(Guideline p.14)
18
Data Sources

Whole-Building Meters

Electric – 15 minute interval
data

Monthly Gas & Electric data

Utility websites, e.g. PG&E’s Interact
Resource
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/ener
gysavingsrebates/demandresponse/to
ols/
e,g, PG&E’s Business Tools
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/
myaccount/analysis/
Interval Gas Data (Pulse Counter)


Bolt-on pulse meter
Face plate replacement
19
Data Sources

Water flow meters



Portable ultrasonic
Insertion-paddlewheel
BTU meters
20
Data Sources

Weather


PG&E’s Interact website provides cleaned
weather data on hourly basis
Other Sources:



www.gard.com/weather/index.htm
www.weatherunderground.com
Take particular note of
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/
weather_data.cfm

which gives sources for weather data in a variety of formats,
including real-time data.
21
Data Sources

For Option B Retrofit Isolation Approach

e.g. HVAC Systems
Air and
Water
Vapor
Outside Air
Damper
Water
Water
Water
Return Air
Fan
C
Cooling
Tower
Air
AHU
Supply
Fan
HX
Mix
P
Chiller
V
Air
HX
Pri. CHW
pump
HX
Sec. CHW
pump
P
Return Air
Damper
AHU
Cooling
Coil
P
Air
Condenser
water
pump
Air
Water
HX
Boiler
AHU
Heating
Coil
Air
P
VAV box
with reheat
Fan-powered
VAV box
Water
Water
HX
Room
22
Data Sources

HVAC Systems







Cooling Tower Fans
Chillers
CDW & CHW Pumps
AHU Fans
Constant load
Variable load
Equipment Power



“Spot” measurements
Power logging instruments
Convert feedback status signals
to power/energy

Proxy variables
23
Proxy Variables

(Guideline p.21)
Generates energy variables (kWh, kW,
therms, etc.) from:

Feedback status signals trended in EMCS

Constant load / constant speed equipment


Variable load / variable speed equipment


on/off status, etc.
VFD speed, amps, etc.
Independently measured or logged data


kWh, kW
Hot and chilled water flow, etc.
24
Proxy Variables
Example of constant and variable load feedback
signals on EMCS
120
5
100
4
80
3
60
2
40
1
20
MU.AH4.RET INLET VANE %OPEN
3/
29
/2
00
8
3/
28
/2
00
8
3/
27
/2
00
8
3/
26
/2
00
8
3/
25
/2
00
8
0
3/
24
/2
00
8
0
3/
23
/2
00
8

MU.AH1.RAF.STATUS ON/OFF
25
Proxy Variables

For ON/OFF status points

Make “spot” measurements of kW



Multiple measurements and take average
kW = kWmeasured * STATUS
For variable speed/load signals



Short term logging of equipment kW
Corresponding trended load data from EMCS
Develop relationship between kW and load
26
Proxy Variables
VFD Speed for kW
35
30
25
AHU-1 Fan kW

20
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
AHU-1 Fan Speed %
Actual
Cubic polynomial
27
Required Resources - Data

Gather physical information, within the
measurement boundary, for the baseline
period:

Energy data (kWh, kW, therms, etc.)



Assure sensors are calibrated
Independent variables: Ambient temperature,
occupied hours, etc.
Static Factors:



Equipment inventory, building characteristics
Occupancy, operational schedules
Operating procedures, set points
Should be in
EBCx
documentation
28
Amount of Data

(Guideline p.34)
Interval Data (Whole Building and Systems):


Issue needs more research (ASHRAE research topic)
General guidance:

Enough to cover a “cycle” of operation (IPMVP requires
data through one cycle)





Constant load equipment: spot measurement
Variable load equipment: through range of its operation
 Chilled water system: entire cooling season
Building – one year, or half year from coldest to warmest
months
Enough to capture 80 or 90% of range of data
Data collected in season when ECMs have most impact
29
Preparing Data

Different sources





Whole building electric – short term interval data
Local airport or NOAA weather file
Energy information system
Energy management and control system
Different types


(Guideline p.25)
COV, analog, digital, “categorical”, etc.
Different time intervals



5-min (e.g. EMCS trend)
15 min (utility whole-building kWh)
Hourly (NOAA weather)
30
Preparing Data

Methods require all data to be on common
time interval


Called “analysis time interval”
Guideline recommends:


Hourly
Daily
31
Useful Data Preparation
Software Tools

Universal Translator





Merges and aligns multiple data sets to same time stamp
Interpolates between points, etc.
Much more!
Free from www.utonline.org
Energy Charting and Metrics (ECAM) Tool




Sets up categorical variables for weekdays, weekends, etc.
Much more!
Excel add-in
Free from www.cacx.org
32
Important!

In almost all cases, after the ECM has been
installed, you cannot go back and re-create the
baseline. It no longer exists!

It is very important to properly define and
document all baseline conditions before the
ECM is implemented.
33
Short Term Interval Methods

Empirical energy use models





(Guideline p.29)
E = F (xi)
Statistical regressions
Models are built directly from data
Can determine best model type and fit
Can calculate model uncertainty
34
Energy use
Energy use
Energy Modeling
C
B1
C
Ambient Temp
Ambient Temp
2-parameter model
B1
Energy use
C
B2
B1
C
B2
Ambient Temp
Ambient Temp
B1
B2
C
B3
Ambient Temp
4-parameter model (heating)
Energy use
Energy use
3-parameter model (heating)
3-parameter model (cooling)
C
B2
B1
B3
Ambient Temp
4-parameter model (cooling)
Energy use
Energy use
1-parameter model
B1
B2
C
B3
B4
Ambient Temp
5-parameter model
35
Modeling Examples
Electrical Demand vs. Ambient Temperature
800
600
500
400
300
200
kW (post)
y = 9.622x - 212.35
R2 = 0.7869
100
Post Fit
0
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature, deg F
Hutchison Hot Water Use vs. Ambient Temperature
2000
1800
1600
Hot Water Use [MBH]
Electrical Demand [kW]
700
1400
1200
HHW MBH
Curve Fit
Actual Post
1000
800
600
400
200
0
40
50
60
70
80
Ambient Temperature, deg F
90
100
36
110
Developing Models

General Procedure










Plot data
Select model type (1-P, 2-P, 3-P Cooling, etc.)
Select change point
Perform regressions (averages where needed)
Calculate CV & NMBE
Adjust change point
Perform new regressions
Calculate CV & NMBE, compare with run #1
Iterate to lowest CV & NMBE
Can develop in spreadsheets using macros
37
Assess Baseline Model



Develop different energy use models
Select model that best fits data (low NMBE, CV)
Run uncertainty assessment





Determines if model can determine savings within reasonable
uncertainty
May need to select alternate approach
Finalize approach
Decide how long to measure in post-installation period
(Reporting Period)
Document in M&V Plan
38
Uncertainty Assessment


Purpose: To determine if model will be able to distinguish
savings from the model’s uncertainty
Reference: ASHRAE Guideline 14 Annex B


(Guideline p.61)
Appendix B in Verifying Savings in EBCx Guideline
Procedure:





Gather data
Develop model
Estimate expected savings
Calculate fractional savings uncertainty
Compare with savings estimate
39
Uncertainty Assessment

ASHRAE G14, Annex B, Eqn. B-15
 Uncertainty in Fractional Savings, Esave,m/Esave,m
 For “weather models with correlated residuals”


Each point has a relationship with the previous point
Potential when time unit is short (e.g. daily or hourly)
E save,m
E save,m
n 
2 1
1.26  CV  1   
n '  n'  m 

t
F
1/ 2
40
Useful Software

QuEST Change-Point Model Spreadsheets



Energy Explorer



www.quest-world.com
Excel-based
Automatically determines best fit of change-point models to
data, makes charts, calculates savings, uncertainty, etc.
Source: Prof. Kelly Kissock, University of Dayton
ASHRAE Inverse Modeling Toolkit (RP1050)



Purchase with Research Project 1050
DOS-based, source and executable files
Includes test data sets
41
Spreadsheet Demonstration

Linear and change-point models
42
Post Installation Model
Similar to baseline model


Developed from post-installation data
Two Uses:

1.
2.
Annualizing Energy Savings
Savings Persistence/Performance Tracking

Example in Case Study
43
Annualizing Savings

Use when less than one year of data


Use baseline and post-installation models
with independent variables



Baseline or Post-Installation
TMY weather data
Other variables
Difference is annual savings
44
Case Studies

UC Berkeley


Soda Hall
 Computer Science Building
 109,000 ft2
UC Davis

Shields Library
 400,070 ft2
 Undergraduate library
45
Soda Hall

UC Berkeley’s Computer Science Department (24/7 operation)

109,000 ft2

Central Plant (2 - 215 ton chillers & associated equipment)

Steam to hot water heating

3 Main VAV AHUs,
 AHU1 serves building core,
 AHUs 3 and 4 serve the perimeter, with hot water reheat
46
Soda Hall EBCx Findings
Savings
System
Measure
No.
Description
AHU-1
AHU1-2
Resume supply air temperature
reset control and return
economizer to normal operation
AHU1-3
Repair/replace VFDs in return fans
AHU1-4
Reduce high minimum VAV box
damper position
AHU3-2 &
AHU4-2
AHUs 3 & 4
AHU3-3 &
AHU4-3
Option 2: Reduce high minimum
VAV box damper position
Re-establish scheduled fan
operation and VAV AHU-3
(includes repair/replace VFD on
return fan EF-17), AHU-4 (includes
repair/replace VFDs on supply SF18 and return EF-19 fans, and
elimination of low VFD speed
setting during the day)
Implementation
Date
Energy,
kWh/yr
Energy,
lbs/yr
Dollars,
$/yr
Cost, $
Payback,
yr
10/25/2006
129,800
266,250
$19,004
$1,550
0.1
10/25/2006
34,308
$4,460
$7,000
1.6
3/9/2006
46,300
119,300
$6,973
$15,250
2.2
3/9/2006
30,600
2,328,100
$22,603
$17,250
0.8
10/25/2006
242,000
$31,460
$14,000
0.4
$55,050
0.7
Total
Percentage
Savings
Utility Data
483,008
2,713,650
$84,500
10%
51%
14%
Steam
Electricity
Cost
5,325,717
4,871,678
lbs
kWhr
$621,575
47
M&V Approach for Soda Hall

Resources:




RCx measures in AHU and Chilled Water Systems



Whole-building electric and steam meters present
EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals
8-month history of data
Electric and steam savings
Very high EUI – unsure if can discern savings at whole
building level
M&V Approach:


Option B – applied at systems level (electric only)
Option C – whole building level (electric and steam)
48
Baseline Model: Soda Hall

Total Building Electric
Building Steam

Peak Period Electric
HVAC System Electric
49
20
0
2/
11 6
/2
00
2/
13 6
/2
00
2/
15 6
/2
00
2/
17 6
/2
00
2/
19 6
/2
00
2/
21 6
/2
00
2/
23 6
/2
00
2/
25 6
/2
00
2/
27 6
/2
00
6
3/
1/
20
06
3/
3/
20
06
3/
5/
20
06
3/
7/
20
10
06
/3
1/
20
06
11
/2
/2
00
11
6
/4
/2
00
11
6
/6
/2
00
11
6
/8
/2
00
11
6
/1
0/
20
11
06
/1
2/
20
11
06
/1
4/
20
11
06
/1
6/
20
11
06
/1
8/
20
11
06
/2
0/
20
11
06
/2
2/
20
11
06
/2
4/
20
11
06
/2
6/
20
11
06
/2
8/
20
06
2/
9/
Daily kWh Use
Soda Hall M&V: HVAC
Systems
4,500
4,000
Baseline Model:
kWh = 79.9*OAT + 1129
RMSE = 136 kWh
Date
Break
HVAC Daily kWh Usage
Post-Install Model:
kWh = 44.1*OAT - 336
RMSE = 213 kWh
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
500
0
Date
Baseline
Post-Install Model
50
Soda Hall: Estimated vs.
Verified Savings
Source
kWh
kW
Lbs. Steam
Verified Savings**
Estimated
Savings*
Whole Building
HVAC System
483,008
2,713,650
216,716
22
854,407
462,472
50
* based on eQUEST model
** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data
51
Shields Library

UC Davis Undergraduate Library

400,072 ft2

Chilled Water and Steam provided by campus central plant
 2 CHW service entrances, variable volume
 2 HW service entrances

11 AHU, 3 VAV, 8 CAV

5 electric meters
52
Shields Library RCx Findings
System
AC01 & AC02
Description of Deficiencies/Findings
• Excessive fan speed due to failure to meet static pressure set point
• Economizer malfunction
• Simultaneous heating and cooling in air stream
AC21, AC25,
AC25, AC51,
AC53, AC54,
AH1, AH2, AH3
• Economizer Repair
• Economizer Control Optimization
• Supply Air Temperature Reset with Occupancy Schedule
CHW & HW
Pumps
• Chilled water supply temp set point reset
• Chilled water pump lockout
• Reset CHW EOL pressure set point
• Savings: no estimates prior to measure implementation
53
M&V Approach for Shields
Library


Assessment:
 Whole-building meters present:
 5 electric meters
 2 CHW meters (installed as part of project)
 3 HW meters (installed as part of project)
 EMS that trends all points at 5 min intervals
 RCx measures in AHU, CHW and HW pumps
 Electric, chilled water, and hot water savings
M&V Approach:
 Option C – whole building level
54
Shields Library: M&V Models
Electric
Chilled Water
500
8,000
450
7,000
400
Tons Per Day
350
5,000
4,000
3,000
300
250
200
150
2,000
100
1,000
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
40
80
50
60
70
Baseline Model
80
90
100
110
OAT (Deg F)
OAT
Baseline Data
Post Model
EXP CHW
Post Data
EXP CHW Model
Post EXP CHW
Post EXP CHW Model
800
700
Steam
600
MBTU per Day
Daily kWh Use
6,000
500
400
300
200
100
0
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OAT (Deg F)
HHW
HHW Model
HHW Post
HHW Post Model
110
55
4/
2
1/
00
7/ 7
2
1/ 00
10 7
/2
1/ 00
13 7
/2
1/ 00
16 7
/2
1/ 00
19 7
/2
1/ 00
22 7
/2
1/ 00
25 7
/2
1/ 00
28 7
/2
1/ 00
31 7
/2
0
2/ 07
3/
20
4/ 07
1/
20
4/ 07
4/
20
4/ 07
7/
2
4/ 00
10 7
/2
4/ 00
13 7
/2
4/ 00
16 7
/2
4/ 00
19 7
/2
4/ 00
22 7
/2
4/ 00
25 7
/2
4/ 00
28 7
/2
0
5/ 07
1/
20
5/ 07
4/
20
5/ 07
7/
2
5/ 00
10 7
/2
5/ 00
13 7
/2
5/ 00
16 7
/2
5/ 00
19 7
/2
00
7
1/
Daily kWh Use
Shields Library: 480V Electric
Meter Savings
8,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 10%
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
Date
Daily kWh Usage
Date
Break
Baseline
56
11
8/ /20
12 07
8/ /20
13 07
8/ /20
14 07
8/ /20
15 07
8/ /20
16 07
8/ /20
17 07
8/ /20
18 07
8/ /20
19 07
8/ /20
20 07
8/ /20
21 07
8/ /20
22 07
8/ /20
23 07
8/ /20
24 07
8/ /20
25 07
8/ /20
26 07
8/ /20
27 07
8/ /20
28 07
8/ /20
29 07
/2
9/ 00
6/ 7
2
9/ 00
7/ 7
2
9/ 00
10 8/2 7
/2 00
10 4/2 7
/2 00
10 5/2 7
/2 00
10 6/2 7
/2 00
10 7/2 7
/2 00
10 8/2 7
/2 00
9 7
11 /20
/1 07
11 /20
/2 07
11 /20
/3 07
11 /20
/4 07
11 /20
/5 07
11 /20
/6 07
/2
00
7
8/
Daily CHW Use (Ton-hrs)
Shields Library: Chilled Water
Savings
7,000
6,000
5,000
1,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .8
RMSE = 26%
4,000
3,000
2,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
Date
Daily CHW Usage
Date
Break
Baseline
57
Daily HW Usage
Date
Baseline
Date
Break
11/6/2007
11/5/2007
11/4/2007
11/3/2007
11/2/2007
11/1/2007
16,000
10/29/2007
10/28/2007
10/27/2007
10/26/2007
10/25/2007
10/24/2007
9/8/2007
9/7/2007
9/6/2007
8/29/2007
8/28/2007
8/27/2007
8/26/2007
8/25/2007
8/24/2007
8/23/2007
8/22/2007
8/21/2007
8/20/2007
8/19/2007
8/18/2007
8/17/2007
8/16/2007
8/15/2007
8/14/2007
8/13/2007
8/12/2007
8/11/2007
8/10/2007
Daily HW Use (MBH)
Shields Library: Hot Water
Savings
18,000
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 5%
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
0
58
Costs
Metering
Costs
Soda Hall
$
4,442
Tan Hall
$
22,573
Shields Library $
26,000
Building




MBCx Agent
Costs
$
62,160
$
53,000
$
96,795
In-House
Costs
$
51,087
$
15,300
$
57,757
Total
$
$
$
117,689
90,873
180,552
Including all costs, project remains cost-effective:
 Soda Hall: 1.7 year payback
Evaluated project realization
rates: 105% electric, 106% gas
 Tan Hall: 0.7 year payback
 Shields Library: 1.0 year payback
Added costs of metering hardware and software did not
overburden project’s costs
In private sector – metering costs lower
 Existing electric meters
 Sophisticated BAS systems
MBCx approach should be viable
59
Questions?
60
Future Work

QuEST


M&V Tool for Universal Translator
Additional M&V Guidelines from CCC





Option A
Option B – component based
Option D – simulations
Non-IPMVP adherent methods
ASHRAE TRFP
61