Prelim 2 is in 2 weeks
• Next week’s section will be a review
• Assignment : send me 2 topics/ questions you want
me to review
– Email them to me by Sunday at 2 pm
– This counts towards today’s section grade
Tectonics in action
Over the weekend, there was a magnitude 8.8
earthquake in Chile. There have been over 150
aftershocks magnitude 5.0 or greater, including 8 of
magnitude 6.0 or greater.1
The quake originated 35km below the surface of the
Earth.2
If you would like to help, check this link:
http://www.astro.cornell.edu/~babs/howtohelpchile/howtohelpchile.html
1
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/#summary
2 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/#details
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/aftershocks/?code=2010tfan&source=us&title=M8.8%20-%20Offshore%20Maule,%20Chile
Earth’s atmosphere
Gas Name
Chemical Formula
Percent Volume
Nitrogen
N2
78.08%
Oxygen
O2
20.95%
*Water
H2O
0 to 4%
Argon
Ar
0.93%
CO2
0.0360%
Neon
Ne
0.0018%
Helium
He
0.0005%
*Methane
CH4
0.00017%
Hydrogen
H2
0.00005%
N2O
0.00003%
O3
0.000004%
*Carbon Dioxide
*Nitrous Oxide
*Ozone
From http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7a.html
* variable gases
The Greenhouse Effect
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/Sect16_2.html
Origin of the Moon
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Sisters?
Fission?
Capture?
Giant impact
Mercury: Caloris Basin
Image from http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?page=2&gallery_id=2&image_id=149
Mercury’s day and year
• 3 days every 2 years
• Animations….
– Rotation and orbit:
http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Orbit_Rotation/orbit_rotation_full.htm
– The Sun in the sky:
http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Day_On_Mercury/day_on_mercury_full.htm
Mercury’s interior
Image from http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Mercury.html
2009: The first global map of Mercury!
Image from http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?page=1&gallery_id=2&image_id=345
Venus
Visible
UV
Radar
Images from http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10124, http://atmos.nmsu.edu/~nchanove/A105S04/lecture_21.html,
and http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/venus/venusglobe.jpg
The Venusian surface
Images from http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogVenus.htm
Backup slides
The Moon’s interior
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class41/slides-41.html
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
Earth’s interior, cont.
P wave
S wave
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
Surface Processes
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Erosion
Tectonics
Volcanism
Impacts
Images from http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2005/11/12/aerial-view-of-the-grand-canyon/,
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=geologists-link-the-great, http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect18/Sect18_1.html,
and http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/nikolas_c/tectonic_geoology.htm