NATION VS. STATE
Nation- is a population having a common culture(language, literature, tradition, history, &
customs),morals(judgment of right and wrong) and values inhabiting a territory.
State- presupposes government and a definite territory
COLONIALISM
 A policy by which a nation maintains or extends its control over foreign countries.
 The establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by
people from another territory.
Goals of the Expedition
God
Gold
Reconquista- a series of
campaigns by Christian
states to recapture
territory from the
Muslims (Moors), who
had occupied most of
the Iberian Peninsula in
the early 8th century.
Moluccas (Spice Islands)- a source
of spices that were new to
European tables during the Age of
Exploration. Spices before were so
expensive because the food in
Europe was bland tasting. Spices
added enrichment to European
food and lives .
Glory
Lusitanian(Portugal)Hispanic(Spain) Rivalry – A rivalry
between the Portugese and Spain
was formed because of their desire
expand their own territories. This
led to the signing of the Treaty of
Tordecillas which partitioned the
world into 2 spheres of
influence(Spain: N&S America;
Portugal: India/Asia and Africa)
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition:
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Portuguese name: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish name: Fernándo de Magallanes
Portuguese Maritime Explorer who served the Spanish crown.
Suggested that one could reach Moluccas by sailing westward.
5 ships were in his expedition (Trinidad, Concepcion, Victoria, San Anotnio, Santiago) to sail to
Moluccas in 1518. A storm destroys the Santiago in South America while the captain of the San
Antonio deserted and returned to Spain with the ship. Only three ships made it through the
Pacific Ocean.
Antonio Pigafetta, Italian chronicler of Magellan’s expedition.
When he reached the Philippines on March 17, 15 21, he formed an alliance with Rajah
Kulambo and Siagu of Limasawa and Rajah Humabon of Cebu.
Magellan died in Battle with the Rajah of Mactan, Lapu-lapu. This marked the first successful
defense by the Filipinos against foreign invaders.
Victoria was the only ship to return to Spain and complete the expedition because Concepcion
was burned while Trinidad was captured by the Portugese.
Significance: A.led to the colonization of the Philippines B.new route to Asia was added C.proved
that the world is round
Other Expeditions:
Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaisa with Andres de Urdaneta and Juan Sebastian del Cano(1525)- Sequel
expedition to Magellan’s.
Sebastian Cabot
Alvaro de Saavedra(1527-29) -Discovery of Mexico-Maluku route and searched for survivors of previous
expeditions.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos(1541-46)-Naming of Leyte as Las Phelipinas by Bernardo de la Torre
Treaty of Zaragosa(1529)
-A demarcation line drawn 297.5 leauges east of Moluccas which was agreed upon as the western limit
of Spain’s control.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
 First to establish permanent settlement in the Philippines.
 Established the first fort in the Philippines.
Significance of Legazpi Expedition
 Established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
 Introduction of western civilization in the archipelago.
 Manila became the capital of the country and became a city after Cebu.
 Spread of Christianity in the country.
Sources:
History of the Filipino People by Teodoro Agoncillo
http://magellan.tripod.com/voyage.html
www.economics.utoronto.ca/munro5/SPICES1.htm