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SS1C- Activity - Readings in philippine literature
Accontancy (Tarlac State University)
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1. Name the five ships used in the Magellan expedition.
• Trinidad
• San Antonio,
• Conception,
• Victoria,
• Santiago
2. He served as the chronicler of the Magellan expedition.
•
Antonio Pigafetta served as the chronicler of the Magellan expedition
3. He served as Magellan’s interpreter during their expedition.
•
Henry
4. What was the name given by Magellan to the whole archipelago when they reached the Homonhon
islands?
•
Archipelago of St. Lazarus.
5. Is Magellan the first person to circumnavigate the world? Why or why not. Explain your answer.
•
Although Magellan was often credited as the one who successfully travelled the world, he was not
the first person to do it because he died halfway of his expedition, however, the expedition
continued on without him. He was killed in Mactan making him not to complete his journey to
explore the world.
TEST YOURSELF: Content and Contextual Analysis
Activity 3
1. Provide the historical context of the reading. When and where was it written? What was the situation at the
time it was written?
• Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the Globe was written during the expedition of Magellan-Elcano from 15191522.
2. What is the intent of Antonio Pigafetta in writing this account and what is his authority in the subject matter?
• Antonio Pigafetta’s intent in writing the account is to journalize the things that they experienced during
the expedition. He accompanied Ferdinand Magellan to navigate the world and kept a journal of their
expedition which is an evidence about their voyage around the world.
3. What is the importance of Antonio Pigafetta’s account in Philippine history?
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•
Pigafetta's work is important as a source of evidence about the voyage because it contains a primary
Western explanation of the people and languages in the Philippines. Around 240 men who were with
Magellan during the expedition, Pigafetta was one of only 18 persons who returned back to Spain.
4. What is the reading all about? In a Filipino point-of-view, is it safe to say that Magellan “discovered” the
Philippines?
• No, although he is credited as the one who discovered the Philippines, it is not safe to safe in a Filipinos
point of view to recognize him as one. There are already people living in our country before the
Spaniards came. It is not safe to say that Ferdinand Magellan should be written in the history
records, it is not to doubt that his coming in the Philippines was a major part of Philippines
history, but it should be changed as the first European that discovered the Philippines.
5. Explain Antonio Pigafetta’s “pananaw pangkasaysayan”
• Pansilang Pananaw is best suited to describe Antonio Pigafettas account because it is written in a forein
language and is intended to be read by foreign people.
6. Based on the reading, make a timeline of the Magellan expedition.
• 1512, Magellan planned to make a new voyage around the globe to prove that the earth is not flat. He is
not being supported by Portugese, so he asked for help from Spain to finance his voyage.
• 1519, he sets sail and left Spain.
• 1520, Ferdinand made new discoveries.
• 1521, He was shot and killed in Mactan, a place in the Philippines.
7. Enumerate and discuss all the customs you have come across the reading. Are they still being practiced today?
Support your answer
• We cannot deny Filipinos hospitality. Even on the early times or in Pigafettas account, it is obvious that
we inherited our ancestors love for visitors. Hospitality is still practiced today. Filipinos today, even my
family, welcomes our guest with hospitality, my mother would cook for them and make them use the
plates, fork and spoon, and etc. that is on ordinary days hidden and is used for special occasions only.
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MODULE 4
PRE- TEST 4
1. Pre-colonial political units usually composed of 30-100 families.
• Barangay
2. Serves as the chieftain of the barangay.
• Datos
2. Serves as the spiritual leader of the barangay.
• Babaylan
4. Social class where the nobilities of the barangay belong.
• Chiefs
5. Give at least one ancient writing system in the Philippines that existed prior to the coming of the Spaniards.
• Baybayin was used by early filipinos
TEST YOURSELF: Content and Contextual Analysis
1. Provide the historical context of the reading. When and where was it written? What was the situation at
the time it was written?
•
The Customs of the Tagalogs was written by Juan de Plasencia in 1589.
2. What is the intent of Juan de Plasencia in writing this account and what is his authority in the subject
matter?
•
6.
Juan de Placencia’s account was intentionally made to deliver a description of
the Tagalog citizens, that is obviously fed by government and propaganda and functioned with
the Western-outsider's gaze, that would be interesting to them
What is the importance of Antonio Juan de Plasencia’s account in Philippine history?
• Juan de Placencia’s account is important in Philippines history because it provides evidences that
provides informations about how Filipinos lived, what are their beliefs and superstitions that
enormously contributed to Philippines history.
7. What is the reading all about? Is it safe to say that Magellan “discovered” the Philippines?
• No, although he is credited as the one who discovered the Philippines, it is not safe to safe in a Filipinos
point of view to recognize him as one. There are already people living in our country before the
Spaniards came. It is not safe to say that Ferdinand Magellan should be written in the history
records, it is not to doubt that his coming in the Philippines was a major part of Philippines
history, but it should be changed as the first European that discovered the Philippines.
8. Explain Juan de Plasencia’s “pananaw pangkasaysayan”
• Pansilang Pananaw is best suited to describe Juan de Placencia’s account because it is written in a forein
language and is intended to be read by foreign people. Given the excess of favoritisms and to a
great extent, mistaken findings and pretensions of the author, the text was clearly not written
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for local consumption, but for Western readers. Customs of the Tagalogs, just like any other
colonial texts written during the Spanish colonial period, was intentionally made to provide an
exoticize description of the Tagalog citizens, clearly fed by politics and propaganda and
operated with the Western-outsider's gaze, that would be appealing to them.
9. Based on the readings, explain the pre-hispanic government system in the Philippines.
• In pre-hispanic, people are governed by chiefs and datos. They were the leaders of the community and
the leaders protect the people during wars.
10. What are the 3 social castes/classes and who comprise each classes?
• There were three castes: nobles, commoners, and slaves or the maharlica, at mga alipin( saguiguilir at
namamahay). The maharlicas do not pay for taxes to the datos. The commoners are called aliping
namamahay. They are married, and serve their master, whether he be a dato or not, with half of their
cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the beginning. They accompanied him whenever he went
beyond the island, and rowed for him. And lastly, The slaves are called aliping sa guiguilir. They serve
their master in his house and on his cultivated lands, and may be sold.
11. Explain the laws governing: a.) lands and fisheries; b.) marriage 3.) inheritance; 4) investigations and
sentences; 5) divorce
• A)
• B) dowries are given by men to the womens parents before their marriage.
• C) Inheritance are given to the legitimate child of both parents equally.
• D) Investigations made and sentences passed by the datos must take place in presence of those of his
barangay.
• E) If the wife left the husband in purpose of marrying another man, all the dowry will be given to the
husband but if not the dowry will be returned.
12. Explain the relation of the Worship of the Tagalogs, Their Gods, and Their Burials and Superstition: a) place
of adoration and worship; b). idols; c.) superstitions and other customs; d.) priests of the devil; 5.) burying
the dead; 6.) Beliefs
• A) They perform or celebrate their “pandot” or worship in the chief’s large house.
• B) During those early times, Filipinos already and especially worship Badhala. They also worshiped the
sun, stars, moon, “seven little goats”, lic-ha, Dian masalanta, Lacapati and Idianale, buaya, or crocodiles
etc.
• C) They believed that if ever they leave the house and saw a rat a bird or a serpent they must return to
their home because bad things might happen on their way. They also practiced divination, to see
whether weapons, such as a dagger or knife, were to be useful and lucky for their possessor whenever
occasion should offer.
• D) First, Catolonan also known as Katalonan—which is the Northern Tagalog equivalent of a
Visayan Babaylan. The second they called mangagauay, or witches, who deceived by pretending to
heal the sick. These priests even induced maladies by their charms. The third they called manyisalat,
which is the same as magagauay. These priests had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that
they would abandon and despise their own wives. The fourth was called mancocolam, whose duty it
was to emit fire from himself at night, once or oftener each month. The fifth was called hocloban, which
is another kind of witch, of greater efficacy than the mangagauay. The sixth was called silagan, whose
office it was, if they saw anyone clothed in white, to tear out his liver and eat it, thus causing his death.
The seventh was called magtatangal, and his purpose was to show himself at night to many persons,
without his head or entrails. The eighth they called osuang, which is equivalent to “sorcerer;” they say
that they have seen him fly, and that he murdered men and ate their flesh. The ninth was another class
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of witches called mangagayoma. They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood, which
would infuse the heart with love. The tenth was known as sonat, which is equivalent to “preacher.” It
was his office to help one to die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul.
The eleventh, pangatahojan, was a soothsayer, and predicted the future. This office was general in all
the islands. The twelfth, bayoguin, signified a “cotquean,” a man whose nature inclined toward that of
a woman.
•
E) The dead will be buried beside his house and if thye dead were a chief he will be buried in a little
house or porch. The family will mourn for four days and the deceased will be put in a boat with two
slaves. The family will also sing and eat together. However, the negritos have their own way of burying
the dead they will dig a deep hole, perpendicular, and there they will put the body of the deceased
upright with the head unburried, they will soon shield the head with cocoa nut.
10. What are the implications of Plasecia’s account? Does his work justify that indeed there is an early
civilization in the Philippines even before the Spaniards came?
•
Indeed in contrast of what others say, there was already an early civilization in the Philippines before
Spaniards came. There are already some laws and people in the Philippines already have a way of
writing. His work somehow helped to justify that early Filipinos already is civilized even before
Spaniards came.
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