Who are these people who lived
in the British Colonies?
American History
CH3- British Colonies
Mrs. Cady
John Smith
1580-1631, English colonist
who traveled to the
Americas in 1606 and who
helped establish the
Jamestown Colony in 1607,
which was the first
permanent English
settlement. When exploring,
he was captured by the
Powhatan Tribe, but his life
was spared, he believes,
because the chief’s
daughter, Pocahontas,
pleaded for his life. He
encouraged settlers to work
harder and build better
housing. P. 73
John Rolfe
1585-1622, Jamestown
colonist; He arrived in
Jamestown in 1610. His
wife died of disease
shortly after he arrived in
Virginia. His greatest
accomplishment was
introducing new type of
tobacco , which sold well
in England, that could be
grown in the new world.
He married Pocahontas,
daughter of Chief
Powhatan, in 1614. P73
Pocahontas
1595-1617, American
Indian princess, she saved
the life of John Smith when
he was captured and
sentenced to death the
Powhatan. She was later
taken prisoner by the
English, converted to
Christianity, and married
colonist John Rolfe. P73
Powhatan Confederacy
A group of Native North
Americans. Their area
embraced most of
tidewater Virginia and the
eastern shore of
Chesapeake Bay.
Wahunsonacock, or
Powhatan, as the English
called him, was the leader
of the confederacy when
Jamestown was settled in
1607. P73
Chief Powhatan
Lord Baltimore I
Sir George and his son Cecil
were British subjects rewarded
with land in the new world.
George was a Secretary of
State to King James I. He was
at first rewarded with a title to
land in Newfoundland. He
later asked James I's son,
Charles I, for title to land north
of Virginia that would become
Maryland. This land was not
signed over until after his
death and was given to his son
Cecil. The Calverts were
Roman Catholic, a religion
which most inhabitants of the
New World were prejudiced
against. P75
Sir George Calvert,
Lord Baltimore
Sir Cecil Calvert,
Second Lord Baltimore
James Oglethorpe
1696-1785, a British
general, member of
Parliament, philanthropist,
and founder of the colony
of Georgia. As a social
reformer, he hoped to
resettle Britain's poor,
especially those in debtor’s
prisons in the New World.
P76
Pilgrims
Separatist group who left
England in the early 1600s
to escape persecution.
They went to the calm and
tolerant Netherlands in
1608. They were worried
about losing their cultural
identity in Netherlands, so
they made an arrangement
with English investors to
establish a new colony in
North America (2nd
successful English
settlement—Plymouth,
Massachusetts.)P78
Puritans
Protestant group who wanted to purify, or reform the Anglican Church. They
were blocked from changing the system of the church within England, so they
preached in other countries (Netherlands, Ireland, Whales). They came to New
England in 1620s as a part of the Great Migration. P78
Squanto
?-1622, Pawtuxet Indian
who was captured and
enslaved in Spain but later
escaped to England and
then America. He taught
the Pilgrims native farming
methods and helped them
establish relations with the
Wampanoag, the Indians
at the feast later known as
Thanksgiving. Pg. 79
John Winthrop
1587-1649, wealthy
English Puritan lawyer;
leading figure in founding
of Massachusetts Bay
Colony He led a fleet of
Puritan colonists from
England in 1630; served as
governor. Pg. 80
Thomas Hooker
1586-1647, Puritan
colonial leader; founded of
Colony of Connecticut after
disagreeing with leaders in
Massachusetts. Leader of
Christian rights. P82
Anne Hutchinson
1591-1643, Puritan leader
who angered other
Puritans by claiming that
people’s relationship with
God did not need guidance
from ministers. Banished
from MA colony; later
establish Portsmouth in
Rhode Island. Pg. 82
Roger Williams
1603-1683, English
Protestant theologian who
was an advocate for
religious freedom and the
separation of church and
state. 1636, started the
colony of Providence
Plantation, refuge for
religious minorities; started
first Baptist Church. P82
Peter Stuyvesant
1610-1672, Director
General of the Dutch New
Netherland colony, he was
forced to surrender New
Netherland to the English.
Settled New Amsterdam
(later renamed New York
City). The English renamed
the state New York. Pg. 85
William Penn
1644-1718, Quaker leader
who founded colony in PA.
Colony was a good
example of representative
self-government and
became model of freedom
and tolerance. Known for
his good relations with
Lenape Indians. He planned
and developed the city of
Philadelphia. Pg. 86
Quakers
Religious society of Friends;
Christian movement,
beginning in the mid
1600s, in which people
called ‘Friends’ believe that
every Christian believer has
the right to preach what
they believe. They
emphasized a personal
experience with Christ,
informed by the Bible. P86
King James II
1633-1701, King of
England. He was the last
Catholic monarch to reign
over Great Britain. He had
strong opinions and aimed
to take more control of the
English government. He
believed that colonies were
too independent, unified
them into Dominion of
New England, and named a
royal governor. Most were
unhappy with him, there
was a rebellion in England,
and James was replaced in
1689. P91
Jonathan Edwards
1703-1758, Influential
revivalist leader in Great
Awakening religious
movement, he delivered
dramatic sermons on the
choice between salvation
and damnation. Pg. 94
George Whitefield
1714-1770, English
Anglican priest who helped
spread the Great
Awakening in Britain and
New England. Co-founded
Methodist Church. He
traveled through colonies
speaking about religion to
large crowds. P95
John Locke
1632-1704, Father of
liberalism; philosopher and
thinker about
consciousness and self in
the Enlightenment. P95
King Philip
1639-1676, Native
American war chief named
Metacom (known to
English as King Philip). He
led Native American
uprising, with the help of
the French, against the
English (called French and
Indian War). P95
Chief Pontiac
1720-1769, Ottawa chief
who united Great Lakes
Indians to try to halt the
advance of European
settlements. He attacked
British forts in Pontiac’s
Rebellion, lost, surrendered
in 1766. Pg. 97
Patrick Henry
1736-1799, speaker and
politician who led the
movement for
independence in Virginia in
the 1770s. He led the
opposition to the Stamp
Act in 1765 and is
remembered for saying,
“Give me Liberty or give
me Death.” He was a
Founding Father, and
served as a post-colonial
governor of Virginia. P100
Sons of Liberty
A political group, led by
Samuel Adams, made up of
colonists (later called
American patriots) that
formed to protect the
rights of colonists from the
British government. They
led the Boston Tea Party of
1773, which led directly to
the American
Revolutionary War in 1775.
P100
Daughters of Liberty
A political group of colonist women who showed their patriotism by boycotting
British goods after the Townshend Act was passed. They made goods out of
cloth and sold them to colonists so colonists could be less dependent of British
goods. P100