AP US History
Chapter 21 Key Terms
“Antimonopoly” (page 566) – the fear of concentrated power and the need to limit and separate
wealth and power  progressivism varied from one to another
Faith in Knowledge (page 566) – progressives believed that applying the society with natural and
social sciences, it would lead to order and stability in the society  could also lead to very
powerful leaders that will rule over people
Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens (page 566) – they’re muckrakers (nosy reporters) and their
writings were trying to expose corruptions in railroad businesses and government  this inspired
progressivism that went against monopoly and wanted society to unite
Father John Ryan (page 567-568) – supported the idea for Catholic liberation  the movement
combined religion with reform
Jane Addams and Hull House (page 569) – Addams created the 1st Hull House in 1889  it
became a model for more than 400 similar institutions  inspired many to build more of these
institutions to help immigrant in language and American culture
Rise of Social Sciences (page 571) – due to social sciences, it caused people to be more
concerned in changing the political and economical structure to manage a modern nation such as
America  it encouraged a new group of middle class to be professionals
American Medical Association (page 572) – there was a need for professional doctors so that
they can establish societies and associations  they changed the American Medical Association
 it had a stricter and more standardized science  separated the amateurs from the
professionals
National Association for Manufacturers (page 573) – women wanted a reform because of the
social and economic changes going on in society  because there were new advances in their
homes, the chores and work were done faster and easier  this gave more freedom to women
and pushed them to go outside of their homes and look for activities they can do
“Boston Marriages” (page 573) – a term for women to live together and they were all unmarried
 sometimes they lived in long-terms relationships with each other  at times some of them
were secretly romantic
GFWC (page 573) – General Federation of Women’s Clubs  a network of associations created
by women  it had about 100,000 members in 1892 and by 1917 this group had over a million
members  showed that a reform for women’s rights was needed
Public Spaces for Women (page 574) – to women, clubs were very important to them because
they can express themselves that they couldn’t in male dominate worlds
Women’s Trade Union League (page 575) – it was found in 1903, this group of people were
committed to getting supporters  they would wage strike for women
Radical Challenge for Women’s Suffrage (page 575) – many women and men strongly opposed
to the idea of women voting because it was wrong and it went against the traditions of women’s
spheres  suffrage and anti-suffrage were both equally committed to their beliefs
NAWSA (page 576) – National American Women Suffrage Association Society, a women’s
group that grew from 13,000 to 2 million from the years 1893 to 1917  their tactics were less
threatening  they claimed and said that women’s ideas would contribute to the society but it
wouldn’t destroy the women’s sphere
Conservative Argument for Suffrage (page 576) – middle classes found this argument that if the
immigrants had access to the franchise then it’s not just justice but it also allowed educated and
“well-born” women to vote  it would limit immigration the whole entire movement wasn’t
entirely committed to women’s suffrage
19th Amendment (page 576) – the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920, it stated that women all
over the nation had the right to vote and were guaranteed political rights
Equal Rights (page 576-577) – some still weren’t satisfied because it didn’t give them truly equal
rights  they wanted a clear legal statement stating that there is no gender discrimination
Attacking Party Rule (page 577) – by giving people more power or giving more power to people
that doesn’t involve in the government could have broken the party rule
Middle Class Progressives (page 578-579) – the middle class progressives thought of a way to
reform the government by starting with the government in the cities
Commission Plan (page 579) – a way where a professional businessman or engineer was elected
to be governor  it’s because that way the governor wouldn’t be tainted by government
corruption  also parties will have no influence on it/them
Tom Johnson (page 580) – a good reform mayor who tried to make expenses low, but in the end
he failed and so his influence and plans went onto Newton D. Baker  he went along with
Johnson’s plans and inspired many people
Initiative and Referendum (page 580) – this was to control the state governments  initiative
allowed reformers to submit new legislations directly to voters in general elections referendum
allowed legislature actions to be returned to the electoral for approval
Direct Primary and Recall (page 580) – an act to reduce party power and increase the number of
elected officials
Robert La Follette (page 580-581) – a state level reformer who made things more fair for people
and brought progressivism into public
Decline of Party Influence (page 581) – reforms helped weaken party control  as the parties
began to decline the voter turnout declined along with it  new organizations outside of the
government were beginning to form and they later on influenced the modern American politics
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (page 582) – a fire in 1911 that killed 146 workers at the Triangle
Shirtwaist Company  due to this women were able to play a role because they were educated
and can deal with the issues in the public
Sources of Western Progressivism (page 582) – the western progressivism didn’t target the state
government, but it targeted the national government  reforms were done very easily because
the influence was weak there
W.E.B. Du Bois (page 582) – a spokesman for the African Americans’ rights  accused the
government of depriving them from their true rights
NAACP Founded (page 582) – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an
organization held by the white and black people who wanted rights for colored people  Bois
was the leader of this organization  this group relied on mostly educated people  wanted to
help colored people to get full equality in society  fighting for rights
WCTU (page 583) – Women’s Christian Temperance Union, a movement against alcohol
(similar to the temperance movement back in the Reform Era)  this group went to the
legislator for a solution
18th Amendment (page 583) – prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol beverages
Eugenics and Nativism (page 584) – progressives didn’t want immigration to expand and mix
with the pure Americans because immigration was caused by social unrest
Eugene Debs (page 587) – a presidential candidate from the Socialist Party  he eventually won
because many people supported him
“Wobblies” (page 588) – loyalties of the Socialist Party who wanted militant direct action
Socialism’s Demise (page 588) – they refused to support World War I and so they faced
harassment and failed as a political party
Problem of Corporate Centralization (page 588-589) – it’s inefficient and limits the freedom of
people
“Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts” (page 589) – good combinations of companies should be
formed so that power won’t be abused  if the company is too powerful, then they have the
ability to abuse their powers  the solution was to have the government play a more active role
in regulating and planning economic life