World War II
Nazi Europe
1937-1945
1939-1940
Poland and the Fall of France
APUSH
The Axis takes Shape
• League of Nations attempts to solve world problems
– Japan & Germany withdraw, 1933
– Italy withdraws, 1937
• Axis Powers form
– Germany & Italy
– + Japan
– Other countries “neutralized”
Axis Powers
Co-belligerents
Minor Participants
Puppet States
Collaborator States
Controversial Cases
Germany
Italy
Japan
Hungary
Romania
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Finland
Iraq
Thailand
San Marino Yugoslavia
India
Manchukuo
Mengjiang (Inner
Mongolia)
Reorganized Natn’l
Gov’t of China
Philippines Vietnam
Cambodia
Laos
Burma
Croatia (I-G)
Greece (I-G)
Pindus (I-G)
Macedonia (I-G)
Slovakia (G)
Serbia (G)
Italy (G)
Albania (G)
Hungary (G)
Macedonia (G)
Montenegro (I)
Vichy France
Denmark
Norway
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Allies take Shape
• Allied Powers
– Britain & France join to help Poland
– GB & US alliance
– 26 nations unite by 1942
• Agree to work under US leadership
North America
United States
Canada
C & S America
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Nicaragua
Asia & Pacific
China
Australia
India
Europe
United Kingdom
USSR
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Africa
South Africa
Axis Wartime Strategy
• Germany: the 3rd Reich
– Form neutralizing alliances
– Attack with the Blitzkrieg
– + Establish “Festung Europa”
• Italy: Return of the Roman Empire
– Attack Greece
– Attack North Africa
• Japan: Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
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China (1895), Russia (1904-05)
Korea (1910), Manchuria (1931)
China (1937), Soviet Non-aggression Pact (1941)
Pearl Harbor (1941), Island hopping (1942 onward)
Axis Control, Europe 1942
Axis Control, Asia 1942
Allied Wartime Strategy
• Hope GB & the USSR can hang
on/defeat the Nazis
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Neutrality
Cash & Carry
Destroyers for Bases
Lend-Lease
• Coordinate Efforts in Europe
under US command
• Europe first, Asia second
– Bombing Raids
– Open a 2nd front
– Sicily/Italy then France
Turning Points &
Major Battles
Europe
• Battle for Britain, 1940
• Stalingrad, 1942-43
• D-Day, 1944
Asia
• Pearl Harbor,
1941
• Midway, 1942
• The Draft, 1940
• Wartime Economics
– Tax increases
– Wage & Price Controls
– Credit & Investment
• No Credit issued
• High Savings &/or Investment
– Low inflation-- purchase of War Bonds
– High Incomes
– Rationing
• Books of rationing stamps
• Tires to footwear to shortening
• Car races banned
The Home Front
• Labor Issues
– High Job Availability
– Unions recognized
• Exchange for no-strike policy
– Women in the workforce
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Filled traditional roles
Took “men’s” jobs
Gained respect
Volunteered & recycled
Army Pilots
– Farmers keep up food production
– Teen Labor: state child labor laws
change
The Home Front
• Civilian Support for the War
– Civil Air Patrol & USO
• Minority Rights
– FEPC
– Double V Campaign
– Internment…
• Propaganda and Culture
– Posters
– Recycling Drives
– Movies & Cartoons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZcs1SHVbz0
The Home Front
The End
• Collapse of Nazi Eastern Europe
– Soviets push westward
• Unconditional German Surrender
– Germany divided
– Allied disagreement leads to Cold War
• The Holocaust
– “Discovered”
• Bombs on Japan
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“Regular” bombs
Fire bombs
Atomic Bombs
US Army occupation
• Casualties
• 15 million military deaths
• 15 million civilian deaths
• Unknown statistics for dislocations, famines,
exterminations, deportations, epidemics
• 1 out of every 2 saved by new drugs
• Totals estimated at 45 million
• The Big Economic Q: Did WWII bring prosperity?
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10x as costly as WWI
Cost 40% of GDP
5x increase in US debt
6x increase in US taxation
1+ million casualties (dead & wounded)
154 government agencies created
Increased employment, not consumption
War Costs
Reflection Questions
1. Why was fear of Soviet expansion such an important issue
during WWII? How did this fear play out in US war policy?
2. How did US and Japanese goals differ during the 1930s? Do
you think war could have been avoided between the two
nations?
3. List two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that
you will remember easily a month from now.