By: Janard Megonnell
 Common
name: unknown
 Features:
• Premolar and molar morphology point to niche affinities with ancestors
• Strong crown asymmetries, in particular enlarged buccal cusps, characterize
the upper and lower premolars
• an ape-like molar shape prevails
 Region:
• Ethiopian river valley
 Common
 Native
name: unknown
to:
• Kenya
• Ethiopia
 Features:
• large canines
parallel (rather than parabolic) toothrows
• asymmetrical premolars and molars
• Mandibular remains display a robust bony shelf posterior to the incisors
• infero-posteriorly sloping mandibular symphysis
•
 Common
name: unknown
 Region:
• Northern Africa
• Western Asia
 Features:
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Parallel postcanine tooth rows.
Amarked angle of the mandibular condyles long axis, reflecting the angle of the
mandibular fossa on the cranial base.
A canine-premolar diastema.
Large canines and incisors.
Molars with ascending size order (i.e., the smallest first).
A triangular third molar crown shape.
Serrated molar roots.
 Common
name: None
 Features:
• There is a forward projecting anterior superior iliac spine.
• A very small articular surface for the sacrum.
• A marked outward flare of the iliac blades.
 Transportation:
• Isolated to Africa
• Hunter gatherers followed food supply
 Common
Name: Not established
 Features:
• The lower face is prognathic with procumbent incisors.
• Canine roots are placed quite laterally to the nasal aperture margin.
• The premaxillary surface is separated from the nasal floor by a blunt ridge and
is transversely and sagittally convex.
• The palate is vertically thin.
• The zygomatic roots originate above P4/M1.
• dental arcade is U-shaped, slightly divergent dental rows.
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Transportation:
• Sedentary in Ethiopia
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Common Name: Handy Man
Features:
• large scimitar-toothed predatory cat the size of a jaguar
• H. habilis used tools primarily for scavenging, such as cleaving meat off carrion,
rather than defense or hunting
• Homo habilis is thought to be the ancestor of the lankier and more sophisticated
Homo ergaster
• Human appearance
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Tranportation:
• Sedentary lifestyle in Africa
• Along side Australopithecus
 Common
name: unknown
 Features:
• More anterior foramen magnum position.
• Deeper mandibular fossa with well-delineated, projecting, articular eminence.
• Nearly horizontal orientation of nuchal plane.
• Expanded height of occipital plane of the occiput, with a concomitant low inion
position.
• Decreased facial prognathism, especially subnasal.
 Region:
• South Africa
 Common
name: Not established
 Features:
• lack of crests and heavy muscle markings that characterize australopithecine
crania.
• A marked constriction of the braincase behind the orbitals
• A bulging frontal bone that rises steeply to meet the square parietal bone
• An occipital bone that is smoothly rounded rather than flexed as in Homo
erectus.
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Transportation:
• Northern Kenya
• Isolated in Africa
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Features
• Increased cranial breadth across the parietal bones.
• Increased occipital bone length.
• Broader nasal bones.
• Broader nasal opening.
• Shorter cranial base.
• Greater development of the mandibular symphysis.
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Common name: Working man
Transportation:
• Sedentary to South and Easter Africa
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Common name: upright man
Features:
• frontal bone is less sloped
• dental arcade smaller than the australopithecines
• the face is more orthognatic (less protrusive)
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•
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large brow-ridges and less prominent zygomata (cheekbones)
hominins stood about 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)
Transportation
• Migration from Africa to Asia
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Common name: Human being
Features:
• A broad, low frontal that is evenly curved.
• Presence of a wide sagittal keel.
• Supraorbitals that are a thickening at the forward edge of the sloping frontal.
• A shallow sulcus above the supraorbitals.
• A short face that is very broad.
• Expanded maxillary sinuses and consequentially puffy zygomatics.
• The orbits are spaced far apart.
• The nasal bones are broad and have little angulation.
• The dentition was moderate in size.
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Transportation
• Hunter-Gatherers that followed food