BIO 101 Lab Practical 2
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration = glycolysis + citric acid cycle + oxidative phosphorylation
Glucose +
C6H12O6
Oxygen
6 O2

Carbon dioxide
6 CO2
+
Water
6 H2O
Reagents
Bromthymol blue dye - indicator dye, turns yellow in presence of CO2
Experiments
- Exhaled air vs. room air
- Crickets vs. seedlings
- Plant in light versus dark
Fermentation by yeast in glucose versus starch and production of CO2
Know the results, independent variable and dependent variable for each experiment
Domain and kingdom of organisms used in experiments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Prokaryotes
Taxonomy –classifying organisms
Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus species
Scientific name = Genus and species
example:
Homo sapiens
Domain Archaea - Rare prokaryotes, extreme environments
Domain Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Most heterotrophs and saprotrophs
Binary fission
Identify:
Slides:
Bacillus, Coccus, Spirillum shapes
Cyanobacteria (photo and live culture)
Agar plate
Bacteria from hands
Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria –diameter of no growth area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Domain Eukarya  Kingdom Protista
Slides – identify and aspects of each organism
Trypanosoma – In blood, causes African sleeping sickness. Flagella
Trichonympha -symbiont digests cellulose in wood for termite. Flagella
Amoeba – pseudopods and function
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BIO 101 Lab Practical 2
Radiolarian – calciferous shell
Plasmodium – in red blood cells, causes malaria
Euglena - chlorophyll, flagella
Slime molds - Physarum
Model paramecium – structures and function of each
Cilia
Contractile vacuole
Macronucleus
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Algae
Domain Eukarya  Kingdom Protista
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Green Algae
Unicellular green algae
Colonial green algae
Multicellular green algae
Chlamydomonas
Volvox
Spirogyra
Ulva
Brown Algae
Multicellular, marine, seaweed
Identify: Blade, airbladder, holdfast
Identify specimen
Red Algae
Identify specimen
Review questions on handout from the algae lab
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fungi
Domain Eukarya  Kingdom Fungi
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Cell walls
Heterotrophs
Hyphae
Mycelium
Saprotrophs
Sporangia and spores
Phylum Zygomycota
Specimen: Black bread mold (Rhizopus)
Slide: identify sporangia
Phylum Ascomycota = Sac Fungi
Specimen: sac fungi on tree branch
Slide: identify asci and spores (Peziza)
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BIO 101 Lab Practical 2
Slide: wet mount yeast: budding yeast cells
Penicillum specimen
Penicillum slide: conidiospores
Phylum Basidiomycota = Club fungi (Mushrooms, birds nest fungus, corn smut, shelf fungus)
Specimen: club fungi
Slide: mushroom (Coprinus) gills and spores
Lichen
Specimen: lichen
Slide: Algal and fungal cells and function of each in lichen
Review questions on handout from fungi lab
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cell Division
Recognize and characterize in onion root tip and whitefish blastula slides and photos. Identify
features of each.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Terms and concepts
Binary fission
Cell cycle = Interphase + Mitosis
Cell plate
Chromosomes condense
Cleavage furrow
Cytokinesis
Daughter cell
Diploid
Haploid
Human diploid and haploid chromosome number
Homologous chromosomes
Meiosis
Metaphase plate
Mitosis
Mitotic spindle
Nuclear membrane
Parent cell
Poles of cell
Sister chromatids
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Heredity
Terms and concepts
Codominance (A and B alleles of I gene)
Dominant allele
Dwarf and tall alleles (t and T)
Gene
Green and albino alleles (G and g)
Heterozygous
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BIO 101 Lab Practical 2
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Multiple alleles (blood group I gene)
Purple and yellow kernel color alleles (P and p)
Recessive allele
Complete Punnett square for one gene crosses
Human traits – dominant conditions are not always the most prevalent in a population
Chi square and how to use table
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gel Electrophoresis
Comb
Gel former
Tank
Micropipetter (use of)
Agarose
Analysis of results with respect to dye charge
Standard curve analysis of DNA fragments
Electrophoresis technique with respect to charge, gel density, voltage
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