Nationalism
Social Studies 9
Ms. Rebecca
Questions for this lesson:


1. What is a nation?
2. To what extent is nationalism a positive
force in society? Use the unification of Italy
OR Germany to support your answer.
Nationalism in Europe and America

For our next unit we are
going to learn about
how nationalism
affected people in
Europe and America.
http://cwisdb.kuleuven.be/kaarten/basiskaart/europe.gif
Do now:

What do you have in common with other
people from your country?
Things people from one country may
have in common







Language
History
Culture
Holidays
Television shows
Movies
Music
Nationalism in Europe

Europe was a pretty big
deal in the world
around the 1700s and
1800s
web.library.emory.edu/subjects/humanities/history/Nationalism/Nationalism.jpg&imgrefurl=http
Nationalism in Europe

Many different wars
had been happening
throughout Europe
during the 1700s and
1800s but people were
sick of them.
p://www.wordinfo.info/words/images/Eng-hist-20B-100-yrs-war.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.wordin
Congress of Vienna

So, a group of
European leaders
decided that if they
could stop one of the
most powerful countries
(France) from getting in
fights with other
countries, then they
would have less wars.
http://www.thesharkbook.com/blog/uploaded_images/french-guy-706335.jpg
Congress of Vienna

The
European
leaders
created a
bunch of
different new
European
states that
would
surround
France and
separate it
from its
enemies.
p://thesocialstudiesteacher.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/l2-post-congress-of-vienna-map.jpg&im
Problem

These states didn’t
want to just be states,
they wanted to be their
own country. Many of
the states were either
Italian-speaking states
or German-speaking
states.
Nationalism

Was a pretty big deal in
Europe in the 1800s,
especially for the
German and Italian
speaking states.
http://rlv.zcache.com/proud_of_my_country_tshirt-p235776140206693484q08p_400.jpg
What united the people in the German
and Italian speaking states?




Common language
Common religion
Common culture
Common history
http://comps.fotosearch.com/comp/OJO/OJO167/twin-boys-looking_~pe0061279.jpg
Nationalism made it difficult

for Italian states and
German states to
accept rule from
another country that
was different from
them.
http://www.aljazeerah.info/Cartoons/cartoon%20originals/September/14388_1.jpg
Lots in Common

Italian-speaking states
and German speaking
states each wanted
their states to unite to
form one big country.
(Italy and Germany)
Italy United


Background:
In the 1800s Italy was
split into different
states.
Italy United

They were part of the
Austrian empire but
many Italians wanted to
have their own nation.
http://www.internationalgamersawards.net/images/risorgi.jpg
Italy United

How would you feel if someone took over
your country and split it up into different
states?
Italy United

The Italian peninsula
had not been unified
since the fall of the
Roman empire
http://seeker401.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/13602_fall_of_the_roman_empire_screen_5.j
Italy United

Italy didn’t like to be
split up into states so
they decided they
wanted to fight for a
united nation of Italy,
independent from the
rule of Austria.
http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/csl0629l.jpg
What united the people of all the states
of Italy

Shared culture: beliefs
and ways of life.
ttp://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1574/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1574R-016094.jpg
What united the people of all the states
of Italy

History: Shared past
connects people
http://www.destination360.com/europe/italy/images/s/italy-history.jpg
What united the people of all the states
of Italy

Religion, language,
land
http://mommylife.net/archives/2009/07/20/eucharist.jpg
What united the people of all the states
of Italy

Art: Italian artists,
writers and thinkers
wanted to celebrate
Italian culture.
ommons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/3
How did Italy finally get unified?

Uprisings and
Revolutions
How did Italy finally get unified?

Important guy: Camillo
do Cavour
http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/Options/Italy/Cavour.jpg
Camillo di Cavour


What did he do?
Founded a nationalist
newspaper called: “Il
Risorgimento” – re-birth
http://digilander.libero.it/fiammecremisi/carneade/Immagine1risorgimento.jpg
Camillo di Cavour

How do newspapers
help spread ideas like
nationalism?
http://putnamcountyschools.com/departments/foodservice/images/newspaper_boy_1.gif
Camillo di Cavour

In 1852 he became the
Prime Minister of
Sardinia: the first state
that gained
independence from
Austria.
http://www.luxuryhotelholidays.com/sardinia/images/map-of-sardinia.jpg
Camillo di Cavour

Cavour’s thoughts:

A good economy is
important for Italy to
gain independence.
http://70.47.17.42/files/images/electionguide/VSK_PiggyBankHouseholdBills_iStock.jpg
Camillo di Cavour


Good economy means:
Italy needed to have
good businesses and
people need to buy
things so that every
person living there
could get what they
needed and could
support their country.
http://blog.nbc.com/ross_blog/PS%20buying%20sunglasses.jpg
Camillo di Cavour

Italy needs a
monarchy: one good
ruler for the whole
united country.
http://images.buycostumes.com/mgen/merchandiser/27401.jpg
Camillo di Cavour


Italy can’t do it alone!
So Cavour got France
to agree to help
Sardinia in a war
against Austria.
http://www.goring-tennis.co.uk/A_helping_hand_hr.jpg
Camillo di Cavour


It worked!
With the help from
France, the northern
Italian states beat
Austria and gained
independence.
BUT

What about the
southern states of
Italy?
dia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Southern_Italy_1112.svg/350px-Southern_Italy_1112.s
France decided to stop helping

France made an
agreement with Austria
so they stopped
supporting Italian
states.
http://www.sashasroots.com/images/19960831%20Ken%20bye.jpg
The Italians had to fight Austria

All alone!
http://rlv.zcache.com/lonely_soldier_poster-p228124043255234411tdar_210.jpg
Cavour needed

A more powerful army
so he asked for help
from the powerful:
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_(1866).jpg
Giuseppe Garibaldi


“sword” of Italy.
What do you think he
did to get this title?
http://images.buycostumes.com/mgen/merchandiser/21444.jpg
About Garibaldi


He was kicked out of
Italy to South America
where he learned
Guerilla warfare.
He came back with
more knowledge about
how to fight.
ogspot.com/__TkYG1RhmoU/Sf9dm_ICIFI/AAAAAAAABo0/z575j6M4Rok/s400/apache+warr
Giuseppe Garibaldi

He got 1100 soldiers to
join his army.
http://www.smithlifescience.com/SSNationalismGaribaldiNaples.jpg
Giuseppe Garibaldi

The army was called
the Red Shirts
because of the color of
their uniforms.
http://paulastourtalk.typepad.com/paulas_tour_talk/images/garibaldi.jpg
Giuseppe Garibaldi

Led a war with the
Sardinian army vs.
Austria.
Giuseppe Garibaldi

He and his army won
the Kingdom of the
two Sicilies for Italy
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/italy/2sic1860.gif
Giuseppe Garibaldi

In 1861 Italian states had elections and voted for
unification…….
Unification

Everyone voted for
unification except for
Venice and Rome.
Unification

Later, there was a war in France and Austria
had to leave Italy to go fight so Venice and
Rome became part of a united Italy!
Review



Why did Italian states want to unify?
Who is Camillo Di Cavour?
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
German Unification
http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/map_german_unification.gif
German Unification



Key players:
Otto von Bismarck
Wilhelm I
German Unification


Things German states
had in common:
Language, culture,
history, art, music…
http://zisgermanlife.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/grass.jpg
German Unification


Economic and cultural
unity:
The German states
agreed no to tax trade
between the states.
http://www.creditaction.org.uk/assets/images/signs/tax-free.jpg
German Unification


Economic and cultural
unity:
The German people
wanted railroads
between the states to
encourage trade and
cooperation between
the states.
http://libcom.org/files/images/news/800px-RE_Deutsche_Bahn_AG_Maschen_GFDL%5B1%
Economic and cultural unity:

Music: Richard
Wagner composed a
national song for all of
the states of Germany.
http://images.forbes.com/media/2009/02/18/Richard-Wagner.jpg
Economic and cultural unity:

How do you think
having a national song
helps to unite the
people of a country?
http://www.acappellanews.com/images/youngheartchorus.jpg
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany


Leader of German unification
He said that rulers should rule with “iron and
blood” not “speeches and decisions”
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Known as the “Iron
Chancellor”

What do you think that
means?
ife/l?imgurl=f172dc1e309bae3b&q=Iron%20chancellor&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIron%2Bcha
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany


He had faith in Prussia.
He believe Prussia
would help Germany to
be unified.
He knew Prussia was
too powerful to defeat,
so why not be friendly
with them and get their
support?
4s4bIlK6*klaAY1CiEM9QTmUoMVyrNhr*xpQR7Dp5NFjkZcskXa-dSw1YEMLfAbEWPsnvSJx
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

With help from Prussia,
Bismarck believed
Germany would be
more likely to gain
unification.
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Bismarck thought that
a strong military was
important to unite
Germany.
http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200804/r244490_996393.jpg
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Military: He collected taxes to build the
Prussia army even though he was told not to
by government.
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany


Wars:
He started war with Denmark and won with
the help of Austria.
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

But Prussia couldn’t get
power as long as
Austria was in the way.
So:

Austro-Prussian War
http://warandgame.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/francohus.jpg
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Bismarck got help from Italy and Prussia
won the war against Austria.

Prussia won many states to add to their
territory after this war.
Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Prussia was in another war with France in
1820. over land that Prussia wanted. Prussia
won and Germany was united.
Prussia became the German empire


In 1821
Germany became one
of the most powerful
countries in Europe.
http://cdis.missouri.edu/exec/data/courses/2309/public/lesson01/Fig01_03.jpg
Review



Why did Otto Von
Bismarck want
unification?
What war helped
Germany to become
unified?
What is Prussia?
Answer the following:


1. What is a nation?
2. To what extent is nationalism a positive
force in society? Use the unification of Italy OR
Germany to support your answer.
How does Nationalism Lead to
Imperialism?





What do you think?
Questions to answer by the end of the
lesson:
1. Is British Imperialism justified? How?
2. Is British nationalism a force for good?
Explain?
3. To what extent is economics linked to the
global politics of the British empire?
Growth of the British Empire

While German and
Italian states were
trying to unite to
become their own
countries, Great Britain
was trying to get bigger.
http://www.confederatemercantile.com/british-flag-640.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

Empire: when one
country (Great Britain)
rules over land in other
places. (Canada,
Australia, New
Zealand…)
ttp://abagond.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/map_of_the_british_empire_in_the_1920s.png
Growth of the British Empire
The British Empire
grew a lot in the 1800s.
 Some people said:
“The sun never sets on
the British Empire”

fmft.net/British%20Empire%20the%20sun%20never%20sets%20on%20the%20British%20E
Growth of the British Empire

Map of the British
Empire in the 1800s
Growth of the British Empire


Canada: Great Britain
and France both
wanted land in Canada.
So they fought a war
there and Great Britain
won.
The French and
Indian War
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=62146&rendTypeId=4
Growth of the British Empire

So Great Britain ruled
Canada but Canadians
didn’t like that Great
Britain was ruling them.
They wanted to be in
charge of their own
land! (nationalism).
http://rlv.zcache.com/canadian_pride_tshirt-p235217042846933057trlf_400.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

Great Britain didn’t
want to fight ANOTHER
war in Canada.
http://www.srcf.ucam.org/camsaw/Resources/WarNoMore.png
Growth of the British Empire

They had also recently
LOST a war in America
that was fought for the
same reason. (America
didn’t want to be ruled
by Great Britain)
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pawccdar/index_files/image002.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

So instead of fighting a
war, Great Britain tried
to make a deal with the
Canadians that they
would like. They gave
Canada self rule.
edia.onsugar.com/files/ons1/348/3481154/32_2009/b61aab7acfbf170f_lets-make-a-deal1.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

Self-rule: a country can
rule themselves (make
laws and their own
decisions) BUT Great
Britain would be in
charge of Canadian
trade and their
relationships with other
countries.
http://michaelcedar.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/05/06/law_3.jpg
Growth of the British Empire


Why would Great
Britain want to do that?
Because they can still
use resources from
Canada and they got a
good deal on
resources that they
could use for things like
Industry!
p://www.neb.gc.ca/clf-nsi/rpblctn/spchsndprsnttn/2008/mtngnrthmrcndmnd/mg/mg02-eng.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

Canada grew after the
1860s, 70s and 80s.
Growth of the British Empire

Canada built a railroad
in 1885 to connect
Eastern Canada with
Western Canada. This
helped trade and
development of the
whole area.
http://www.consolidatedmarkets.com/CP3.jpg
Growth of the British Empire

When Canada
developed, Great
Britain won! They
benefited from Canada
doing well because
they were in charge of
their trade.
esources0.news.com.au/images/2008/06/04/va1237311617195/Money-Getting-Rich-6074944
Australia

In 1770, British captain
James Cook took over
the East coast of
Australia for Great
Britain.
http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/academics/rock/Cook_files/Captain%2520James%2520Cook.jpg
Australia

Britain first used
Australia to send their
prisoners to!
p://timesonline.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/prison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://southernstudies.o
Australia

Gold! In 1851 gold was
found in Australia and
many British people
traveled to Australia
because they wanted to
strike it rich.
http://www.russiablog.org/gold.jpg
Australia
–
Aborigines: Before the
British came to Australia
the people living there
were called Aborigines.
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/yuanx072/architecture/aboriginals18.jpg
Aborigines

The British didn’t treat Aborigines very well.
They took their land and gave them
diseases.
Australia

After more and more people had settled in
Australia, they decided that they wanted their
own country independent from Great Britain.
Australia


So, Great Britain gave them self-rule, just
like Canada, in 1850.
All of the colonies of Australia were united
into their own country in 1901.
New Zealand

Close to Australia.
http://61.88.2.18/Images/rhradminuploads/blog/new-zealand-map_small.jpg
New Zealand

Great Britain signed a
treaty (Agreement) with
the native people of
New Zealand (Maori) in
1840 which gave Great
Britain control over New
Zealand.
http://people.stthomasu.ca/~belyea/2003/Maori2.JPG
New Zealand

British moved to New Zealand but they got in
many fights with Maori over land in the
1860s and 70s.
New Zealand

SO Great Britain gave New Zealand self-rule
in 1907.
Nationalism comes to Aging Europe

Today you are going to learn about how
nationalism affected other countries in
Europe.
Nationalism comes to Aging Europe




Late 1800s: 3 Great Empires in Eastern
Europe:
1. Austria-Hungary
2. Ottoman Empire
3. Russia
Nationalism comes to Aging Europe

But by 1900s those 3 empires were losing
strength.
Austria-Hungary


Age of nationalism (love for your country)
Nationalism made people who were from
certain nationalities (groups of people who
spoke the same language, shared a history
and culture) not want to be rule by outsiders.
Reminder

In Western Europe (Italy and Germany)
nationalism united people and created new
countries.
Nationalism and Independence
Movements


Question for today:
1. How do feelings of nationalism lead to
revolution/independence movements?
In Austria


Nationalism was a problem because Austria
was German speaking but there were people
from many different nationalities living
there.
Each group felt nationalism and wanted to
not be ruled by Austria. They wanted control
over their own country!
One Nationality:

Hungarians. There
were MANY
Hungarians in Austria
and they wanted
independence from
Austria.
http://www.everyculture.com/multi/images/gema_02_img0118.jpg
So they had a revolution

Hungarian Revolution
in 1848

Austria stopped the
Hungarians but they
didn’t want them to be
mad so they made a
deal:
ad.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Skirmish_during_Hungarian_Revolution_1848-184
Hungarian Revolution

Austrian emperor Franz
Josef gave Hungarians
self-rule and made
Hungary a partner with
Austria.

That is why the empire
was later called:
Austria-Hungary
p://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/images/at-kuk-austria-hungary-1914-2.gif
Do Now:

Why do you think the
emperor of Austria
would make Hungary a
partner with Austria?
http://www.microvision.com/technology/images/mainimage_partner.jpg
Other nationalities also wanted
independence from Austria



Serbians
Czechs
BUT they weren’t
powerful enough to get
independence.
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/00671/celebrate_671583c.jpg
The Ottoman Empire

Map of Ottoman Empire
at its strongest:
http://www.mideastweb.org/ara_ottoman1580.gif
The Ottoman Empire

The Empire
was once
powerful but by
the 1800s, it
had been
losing power
for 100s of
years.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3232/2297608284_e2e6041688.jpg
The Ottoman Empire


Parts of the empire
broke away.
Example: Greece broke
away from the
Ottoman Empire and
gained independence.
It became its own
country.
http://images.nationmaster.com/images/motw/europe/greece_div96.jpg
The Ottoman Empire

Because the Ottoman
Empire was losing so
much land, people
began to call it “The
sick man of Europe”
http://heavenawaits.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/sick-old-man.jpg
The Ottoman Empire


Sultan Mahmud II was
the ruler of the
Ottoman Empire from
1808-1839.
He tried to make a
strong central
government to keep the
empire together but he
couldn’t.
http://www.fip.org/files/fip/news/SultanMahmudII.jpg
The Ottoman Empire





The Ottoman Empire lost land to more
powerful countries like
Austria
Russia
Great Britain
And France
The Ottoman Empire

AND even MORE
nationalities broke
away from the
Ottoman Empire and
became independent
countries.
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1219/895220635_71c0ea6ee4.jpg
The Ottoman Empire

By 1913, the Ottoman
Empire controlled only
a small fraction of what
it had ruled in the
1700s.
Independence Movement Project

Now you are going to look at independence
movements in other regions and create a
prezi or powerpoint to share with the class.
Russia

Russia expanded
(grew) during the
1800s. The empire
had land from Europe
all the way to the
Pacific Ocean!
http://www.expresstorussia.com/im/mapRussia.gif
Russia


Land:
A lot of the land Russia
took control over was
barren.
http://bloggingus.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/cedarmountaiancraigco1-04-09-003.jpg
Russia

Railroad: From 18911905 Russians built a
railroad across the
country. The land the
railroad was built on
was called: Siberia.
http://baldwindiesels.railfan.net/zine/russia.jpg
Russia

Industry: Russia was
NOT a very big
industrial country.
They didn’t have many
factories like the rest of
Europe in the 1800s.
http://www.hope4ufa.com/JefPix/farm.jpg
Russia


The czar (ruler) of
Russia in 1861 was
Alexander II.
He tried to create local
government but was
assassinated (killed)
in 1881.
http://www.google.co.th/imglanding?q=Czar+Alexander+II&hl=en&biw=1011&bih=571&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&tbnid=MPODDwEGXyHs2M:&imgrefurl=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/thisday/2
009/03/czar-alexander-ii-assassinated.php&imgurl=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/thisday/uploaded_images/Tsar_Alexander_II_-6747413.jpg&zoom=1&w=350&h=538&iact=rc&ei=lgTRTLjqEtzycN3UkaEL&oei=lgTRTLjqEtzycN3UkaEL&esq=1&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=107&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,
s:0
Russia


Like Austria, Russia had many different
nationalities living in it’s empire.
Russia didn’t want those nationalities to try
to gain independence so they used force to
control them and make sure they couldn’t get
strong enough to try to break away from
Russia.
Russia

One group of people
living in Russia that
was treated especially
bad were Jewish
people.
http://www.shalomnewyork.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/looking_jewish_500.jpg
Russia


Russians started riots
(violent attacks by a
group of people)
against Jewish people.
These riots were called
pogroms.
In 1881 more than 100
Jewish villages were
destroyed and Jewish
people were killed or
forced to leave their http://grossmanproject.net/Pogrom_victims.jpg
homes.
Do Now



If you were afraid the Russian government
might destroy your town would you feel
strong?
Why do you think the Russians wanted to
make certain groups like Jewish people feel
weak?
What nation are Russian Jews a part of?
The Crimean War

As Russia became
more powerful they
wanted control over
some land in the Middle
East because it was
holy according to their
religion.
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH482.jpg
The Crimean War

The land was in a place
called Palestine and
was under the control
of the Ottoman
Empire.
http://www.palestinechronicle.com/uploads/1250186653jerusalem_holy_sites.jpg
That same land was also holy to


People of other Christian religions.
Many of these people lived in places like:
Great Britain and France
The Crimean War

Great Britain, France, and the Ottoman
Empire didn’t want Russia to have control
over the holy land in Palestine.
The Crimean War

So, Great Britain, France, and the Ottoman
Empire joined together and attacked Russia
and fought a war called the Crimean War in
1854.
The Crimean War

The fighting happened
in Crimea – a Russian
peninsula in the Black
Sea.
http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/ukraine_crimean-peninsula-2.jpg
The Crimean War


Many 1000s of soldiers
were killed on both
sides of the war.
Russia lost the war in
1856
http://www.britishbattles.com/crimean-war/alma/42nd-Highlanders.jpg
People who helped during the war

Florence Nightingale: A British nurse who
was from a wealthy family. She surprised
her parents when she said she waned to
leave her comfortable life to become a nurse
and help hurt soldiers during the war.
Florence Nightingale



Helped to save many
soldiers
She helped to make
cleaner, better
conditions in hospitals
so people wouldn’t
catch diseases while
there.
She inspired many
people to become
nurses and be heroes.
Review:


How did nationalism lead to the Crimean
War?
Why did different groups unite to fight
together?