Warm-Up
How long can you go without water?
Questions?
What is an atom?
What is inside an atom?
Understanding Molecules and Atoms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV4jJZCIMP
o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfXxZwNLv
PA
Chemistry of Life
Chapter 6
By PresenterMedia.com
Element
•Made
up of Atoms
•Cannot
be broken down into simpler
substances
Examples
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Atom
•Smallest
particle of
an element
Atom Components
Nucleus: Center of the atom
Compound
•Made
up of chemically combined
elements
•Can be broken down into its elements
•Water is an example, made up of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
H2O
CO2
NaCl
How Many Atoms…
•Are
in Glucose?
•
C6H12O6
•
6 + 12 + 6 =24
•
24 atoms
Covalent Bond
•Formed
•HINT:
when two atoms share electrons
Covalent = Co Captain shares duties
or Co-Pilot shares duties
Ionic Bond
•Attractive
force
between two ions of
opposite charges
•Ions
are negatively and
positively charged
Hydrogen Bond
•Weak
chemical bonds
involving Hydrogen
Polar Molecule
•Molecule
with unequal
distribution of charge
•Example:
•HINT:
Water
Unequal
Diffusion
•Net
movement of
particles from an
area of high
concentration to low
concentration
•High to Low
Dynamic Equilibrium
•Continuous
movement but no overall
change in concentration
•HINT: Think of a treadmill
Metabolism
•All
of the chemical reactions that take
place within an organism.
•Example:
•
Eating- the food we eat is turned into energy
pH
•Measures
how acidic or basic
•Acid: forms hydrogen ions in
water H+
• Below 7
•Base: forms hydroxide ions OHin water
• Above 7
Warm-Up
What do you call a substance made of 2 or
more elements?
a.
b.
c.
a.
Atoms
protons
compounds
Four Types of Organic Compounds
that Make up Living Things
•Carbohydrates
•Lipids
•Proteins
•Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
•CHO
•Sugars and Starches (energy sources)
•Starch comes from plants-mainly grains & potatoes
1. Monosaccharide – mono = 1, saccharide = sugar
• Ex. Fructose, Glucose
2. Disaccharide
• Ex. Sucrose – Table Sugar
3. Polysaccaride
• Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
Carbohydrates
Lipids
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
•CHO
•Energy Storage
•Insoluble in water and Nonpolar.
•Fats, Oils, Waxes and steroids
Proteins
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
CHON
•Provide structure for tissues & organs
•Abundant in muscle
•Amino Acids – building blocks of protein 20
common amino acids
•Peptide Bond – covalent bond between amino acids
•Ex. Enzyme – changes the rate of chemical reaction
Enzymes
•A.K.A.-Catalysts
•Speed up reactions
•Lock & Key
•Temperature and pH impact shape of
enzyme
•Usually end in “ASE”
•VIDEO
Nucleic Acids
•Polymers are made of subunits called
nucleotides
•Nucleotides: consist of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
•Example: DNA, RNA
•Genetic material
Short review