Ecology Part 3
Communities
In: pg 30
What is a community?
Answer in blue, black or Pencil.
What is a community?
Do it Now Pg. 30
• What is your niche or what do you think
niche means in biological terms?
• Answer in blue, black or Pencil.
Lap top Day
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Get your computer – Laptop
Plug in to the ether net cable
Log on
Use Google Chrome and go on line to my.ccsd.net
Search Vincent Ossana
Biology
Resources
Ecology 3 power point load power point
Unplug from ether net and take your computer
back to your table.
31
Title Page 31
1. Write the topic for the
unit in the middle of the
paper and box it in.
2. Divide the paper into 3
equal sections.
3. Put a subtopic/key
word in each section.
4. Add an appropriate
picture to each section(no
stick figures).
5. Each section must
have 3 different
colors(black and white
don’t count). Don’t use
the same 3 colors for 2
different sections.
Biodiversity
Unit 2:Ecosystem
Dynamics: Biodiversity
Niche
Extinction
Communities
PG. 33
Cornell Notes found on my.ccsd.net
Vincent Ossana Biology Resources
Ecology Power Point 3
Why are certain populations found in a
community?
• Limiting factors-any
biotic or abiotic factor
that restricts organisms
in the environment.
What are Community Interactions
• Predation(+-)
– One organism
kills and eats
another
organism.
• Competition(--)
– 2 organisms are
competing for the
same resource.
– May be interspecific
(between members
of different species)
or intraspecific
(between members
of the same species).
• Habitat-place where an
organism lives.
• Niche-role and position a
species has in its
environment.
– Organisms with the same
niche compete if they are in
the same habitat.
What is Stability
• Disturbance-events that change a community
by removing organisms or changing resource
availability.
• Stability is the ability to resist disturbance and
not change.
What is Biodiversity
• The variety of life in an area.
• Extinction is when the last individual of a
species disappears.
– Endangered species=species that are likely to
become extinct.
– Threatened species=species that are close to
becoming endangered.
• Biodiversity increases the stability of a
community
Vocabulary :pg 32
3 Column Vocab
1. Biodiversity
2. Habitat
3. Niche
4. Interspecific Competition*
5. Intraspecific Competition*
6. Predation*
7. Limiting factors
8. Succession
9. Disturbance*
10. Stability*
11. Extinction
12. Threatened species
13. Endangered species
14. Exotic species
*In notes, not in textbook
Do it again Pg. 30
• Why is niche an important concept to
understand?
• Answer in blue, black or Pencil.
Out Pg. 30
• It is often said that a habitat is the organisms
“address” and its niche is like its “job”.
Please explain this in 3+ sentences.
• Answer in blue, black or Pencil.
In Pg. 34
Define – from notes yes you were supposed to
do them on your own.
1. Paramecium
2. Intraspecific competition
3. Interspecific competition
4. Competitive exclusion principle
Do it Now Pg. 34
• What is your niche at home?
• Answer in Blue, Black or Pencil.
Pg. 35 - Niche worksheet 100pts
• Answer the Questions on the worksheet called
Climate and Life about Niche.
• Staple tape or Glue this into page 35.
• Paramecium are microscopic, unicellular protists that live
in water.
• The 2 species we are looking at do not eat each other, it
isn’t a predator prey relationship.
• They compete for the same food. Paramecium are
predators that feed on algae and bacteria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284
Lab Pg. 36 & 37Virtual Lab: Competing
Paramecium
Pg. 36 Analysis Questions
1. What is exponential
growth?
2. What is carrying
capacity?
3. What is competition?
• Pg. 37 – Staple tape or
glue the lab sheet into
your notebook.
• Lab sheet must be
glued so you can see it
when it opens.
Do it again Pg. 34
• Which axis do the independent and
dependent variables go on?
Out pg. 34
In the virtual lab,
1. What were the paramecium competing for?
2. Was this inter or intraspecific competition?
In:
pg 38
1. When the number of rabbits is high, the lynx
(increase/decrease).
2. When the number of lynx is high, the rabbits
(increase/decrease).
3. What negative effect would the removal of the lynx have
on the rabbit population?
Do it now Pg. 38
• So how do niche and carrying capacity work
with each other?
Deer of the Kaibab pg. 39
• Staple tape or glue Deer of the Kaibab into
your notebook after you finish the Sea otter
project.
• You will be working on the hand out first then
you will write the otter questions after that
appear on the next slide.
Sea Otter - Enhydra lutris
Pg. 39
Article: Ocean Keepers write out questions:
1. What is kelp?
2. Why are scientists keeping a close eye on the sea otter?
3. What is an ecosystem?
4. Why was the sea otter population almost wiped out in the 1700-early
1900’s?
5. What is causing the sea otters to die out now?
6. What parasites are infecting sea otters?
7. How do the parasites get inside the sea otter?
8. What is a keystone species?
9. Why are otters considered a keystone species?
10. How do sea otters keep kelp populations healthy?
In: pg 40 – 100pts
Watch the movie clip ”Khan Academy: Disturbance” and explain the
following terms(9 minutes)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary succession
Pioneer species
Secondary succession
Climax community
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/crash-course-bioecology/crash-course-ecology-2/v/crash-course-ecology-06
Do it now Pg. 40
• What would happen to Las Vegas if all of the
people left one night and never came back?
(You need word your answer using the
succession terms learned in the video)
Mt. St Helens Project pg. 41
Mount St. Helens: A Story of Succession
Questions
• Read Mount St. Helens: A Story of Succession
and answer the questions
• Tape the completed question sheet on this
page.
• Succession is a change in the species that make up
a community over time.
• If a community is disturbed it has to “start over”
– Primary succession-development of a community in an
area that has not supported life before—no soil.
– Secondary succession-sequential replacement of an
existing community following a disturbance (fire ,
flood, landslide,etc.)
Wed 10/14 and Thurs 10/15
In: pg 42
• Species can be native or endemic to their habitat,
that means they occur naturally. Exotic species or
Introduced species are not native to an area.
Sometimes an exotic species will overwhelm native
species and cause harm, when this happens the
exotic species is called an invasive species.
• Do you think the following species are Endemic,
Exotic or Invasive in Southern Nevada?
1.
8.
1. Dog
2. Desert Tortoise
3. Tumble weed
4. Pigeon
5. Coyote
6. African honeybee
7. Mustang
8. Roadrunner
Do it again Pg. 42
• Why do you think invasive species are bad for
an area?
Notes pg. 43 – not Cornell use the diagram we will
make.
The number of different ecosystems created
by unique interactions between biotic and
abiotic factors.
Ecosystem Diversity
Types of
Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity
How many different ecosystems do
you see?
Thru 1:pg
Measured by species richness-the
number of different species in an
ecosystem.
Species Diversity
Types of
Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Which has more species diversity?
Thru 1:pg
Types of
Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Genetic Diversity
The number of genetic variations
(genes) between members of the
same species.
High Genetic Diversity
Thru 1:pg
Measured by species richnessthe number of different species
in an ecosystem.
Species Diversity
The number of different ecosystems
created by unique interactions
between biotic and abiotic factors.
Ecosystem Diversity
Types of
Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Genetic Diversity
The number of genetic variations (genes)
between members of the same species.
Thru 2
Pg. 44
Top 10 #5 Cartoon
• Pick ANY concept we
have talked about in
this chapter.
• Make sure you read the
directions on your Top10 sheet.
Pg. 65
Invasive Species Web Quest
• Answer the 12 questions
here.
• You do not need to write
out the questions.
Do it again pg. 42
• Why might an invasive species be released
into an area on purpose?
Out
Read the comic below and then select the response that best matches your
response.
Pick 1
Which of the following best matches how you would respond to releasing the
crawdad (i.e. crayfish) into a non-native environment?
• Releasing one crayfish into the creek will have no impact on the organisms
that currently live there.
• The crayfish will adapt to its environment or die because nature works on the
rule of “survival of the fittest.”
• Introducing the crayfish to a new environment could have a serious impact on
the organisms that currently live there.
Why did you select your response? Please explain your logic in more detail.
Fri 10/16 and Mon 10/19
• Quiz #6 today-get out paper and your INB
• Test and INB check next class.
Quiz #6
In: pg 62
6 Facts
Endangered
Species
Act
Thru 1: pg. 63
Movie: Extinction
• Complete the questions on this page as you
watch the movie.
Out
One of the first mass
extinction events was when
the dinosaurs were wiped
out by a meteor impact.
Scientist say we are
currently in the Sixth Mass
Extinction.
What is the primary cause
of the Sixth Mass
Extinction?
A tree left behind in a deforested
Amazon rainforest
Old stuff
Symbiotic relationships
Symbiosis-living together
• Parasitism (+-)
– A parasite lives off of
a living host.
• Mutualism(++)
– Both species benefit
from the
relationship.
• Commensalism(+0)
– One organism benefits,
the other organism is
not affected.
Thru 2
Pg 48
Pg 49
Human Population More/ Less Map
• Create a More/Less map with your group on the white board.
– Start by placing the “More People” card in the center of the
board.
– Place the remaining cards around the central idea of “More
People”.
– Draw arrows to represent logical connections between the cards.
All cards must be used.
– There are 4 blank cards. Write a “more or less” statement on each
blank card and incorporate it into your “More/Less” Map.
• Copy the More/Less map into your INB—you can use both pages.
More/Less Map
More
More
Fossil fuel use
Energy use
More
CO2 emissions
More People
Out
• What are some negative consequences of
increasing human population?
• What are some of the positive consequences?
In: pg 142
1. What is the difference between population
size and population density?
2. Where is the greatest human population
density on the globe?
Human population
• Human population is
experiencing
exponential growth.
• As of October 12, 1999,
the human population
on earth was 6 billion.
As of 2006, it was more
than 6.5 billion.
What do you think our carrying capacity is?
•How many people can
the earth hold?
World population clock
In: Pg 146
• Watch the “World Population” clip.
What are 5 things you notice about human
population growth?
Homework
• Finish vocab
Out
• The first species to come in after a disturbance
is called a pioneer species—where do you
think this name came from?
Mon. 5/20 and Tues. 5/21
• Quiz #6 today!
• Test and INB check next class!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
INB quiz #6
The number of individuals per area is the population ________.
Pg 139. What is the answer to # 4?
Pg 139. What is the answer to # 11?
Pg. 139 What is the answer to # 23?
Pg. 139 What is the answer to #29?
Is flooding a density independent or density dependent factor?
What are the first species into an area after a disturbance called?
What community interaction is (+, +)?
A ________is the role or position a species has in the environment.
________ is the ability to resist disturbance.
In: pg 150
• What are 3
adaptations that
prey species have
evolved to escape
predators?
In: Pg 58
• In order for California sea
otters to be taken off the list
of threatened species--part of
the 1977 Endangered Species
Act--the population needs to
reach at least 3,090 animals
and remain at that level for
three consecutive years.
1. How many sea otters were
there in 2004?
2. How many more otters does
the population need to not
be considered threatened?
3. In the future, do you think
the sea otters will be taken
off the list? Why?
Thru 1: pg. 151
• Movie: Baking Deserts
Organism
1.
Adaptation
15.
Organisms
1.
5.
Interaction