Chapter 4: States of
Matter
Heat and the 3 common
states of Matter
What is matter?

Anything that takes up space (VOLUME)
and has MASS
EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin,
flower…and even AIR!
*All things are made up of matter!
What is matter made up of?

All matter is made up of tiny particles called
ATOMS
– An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element

Atoms are so small that in just one drop of
water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms!
(6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

What does it look like? What is inside of an
atom?
What are atoms made up of?

PROTONS (positive charges)
– found in nucleus

NEUTRONS (neutral charges)
– found in nucleus

ELECTRONS (negative charges)
– Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits around
the nuclues
The ATOM
Other facts about Atoms

Protons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASS

There are over 100 different types of
atoms
-Some examples:
- hydrogen atom
-
Oxygen atom
Nitrogen atom
- Carbon atom
- Aluminum atom
etc….
*these different atoms have different unique properties
Matter is made of…
Atoms
 MOLECULES

– 2 or more atoms combined (by chemical
bonds)
– Ex:
 H2O (water),
 CO2 (carbon dioxide),
 O2 (oxygen we breathe)
What are the 3 TYPES of matter?

ELEMENTS

COMPOUNDS

MIXTURES
What are ELEMENTS?

Pure substances that contain only ONE
type of atom
– Made up of the same type of atom
Cannot be separated into other
substances
 Each element has a different number of
protons and electrons
 EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, Helium,
Aluminum…

Periodic Table of Elements

Table to organize the many elements on
Earth

Elements are placed in specific places
because of the way they look and act
PERIODIC TABLE
Parts of the Periodic Table

Each box tells you
– Atomic Number {TOP #}
 (#Protons=#Electrons)
– Symbol
– Element Name
– Atomic Mass {BOTTOM #}
 (#Protons + #Neutrons)
Parts of the Periodic Table

Period: (rows
across)= #electron
orbitals (electron
shells)

Groups (columns)
= #electrons in outer
shell
Website

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html.
Glossary Words
Matter
 Atom
 Proton
 Neutron
 Electron
 Molecule
 Element
 Periodic Table of Elements

For the elements…
A) Hydrogen
 B) Helium
 C) Rubidium

IDENTIFY
 Protons
Atomic number
 Electrons
Atomic mass
 Neutrons
Group number
 electron orbitals
Period number
 electrons in its outer shell
A)
What element is this?
B)

1) Group number
2) Period number
3) Atomic number
4) Element symbol
and name
Fluorine
C)
What are the properties of this
element?
Find
 Atomic number
 Protons
 Electrons
 Element name and symbol
 Atomic mass
 Neutrons
 Group
 Period
 Number of electron orbitals
 Number of electrons in outer
shell
Atomic number
 Protons
 Electrons
 Element name and symbol
 Atomic mass
 Neutrons
 Group
 Period
 Number of electron orbitals
 Number of electrons in outer
shell
