Facoltà di Scienze Economiche,
Giuridiche e Politiche
Economia e Gestione dei Servizi Turistici
Lingua Inglese
UNIT 1 – TOURISM TODAY
Olga Denti
a.a. 2014/2015
«Sardinia, (…) is like nowhere (…)
has no history, no date, no
race, no offering (…)
neither
Romans nor Phoenicians,
Greeks nor Arabs ever
subdued Sardinia. It lies
outside; outside the circuit
of civilization (…) But there
is an uncaptured Sardinia
still.»
D.H. Lawrence, Sea and Sardinia,
1927
Tourism today
English words connected with tourism today……
The evolution of the concept of
tourism and tourist
• Early forms: people going to the Olympic
Games in ancient Greece, the Roman
aristocracy moving to summer country
residences to rest and laze around, or to sea
houses to play and have fun, often near
thermal and wellness centres, and
• in the Middle Ages, pilgrims undertaking
journeys for religious reasons.
• After the Middle Ages: Europe’s periphery to
discover new lands, new prospects, especially
new business opportunities, new people, new
cultures.
• The XVII century Grand Tour: tourism no
longer conceived as a religious journey for the
discovery and fortification of faith, or as an
adventure to discover new worlds, but as a
ludic and cultural activity, driven by
Renaissance ideals.
• Tourism role: enabling people to meet and
exchange interests, traditions, cultures
• After the Napoleonic campaigns &
the
industry restart: from the Grand Tour to grand
tourism, and mass tourism
• In the 1950s and 1960s: mass tourism as a
phenomenon connotated with triviality,
shallowness and loss of authenticity (social
control)
• A comeback to traditions & cultural tourism
• The tourist: a sort of pilgrim who visits the
attractions of a destination, the symbols of
different cultures, lifestyles, and traditions.
• A search of the Self v the Other: the pursuit of
new territories and spaces, languages and
worlds
• Tourism: travelling and relaxation, the
experience of new traditions, food and habits,
nice memories and happiness, as well as
diversity and uniqueness
• Today’s tourism: education & sophistication
What is the difference?
• Trip (n) – an outward and return journey, often
for a specific purpose (syn. tour, voyage).
• Excursion (n) – a short outward and return
journey, esp for relaxation, sightseeing, etc.
• Travel (n) – the act of traveling. As a verb, to
go, move, or journey from one place to
another; (transitive) to go, move, or journey
through or across (an area, region, etc.); to go,
move, or cover a specified or unspecified
distance.
Some more meanings…
• Travel: the act of journeying
Riding, roving, wandering, rambling, sailing,
touring, biking, hiking, cruising, driving, wayfaring,
going abroad, seeing the world, sight-seeing,
voyaging, trekking, flying, globe-trotting, space
travel, rocketing, orbiting, interstellar travel,
intercontinental travel, jet travel, visit
• Visit (n) – stay; (v) to make a visit
Tourism today
• Great development since the 1980s: the
advent of the Internet
• Data and forecasts: tourism key statistical data
The number of international tourist arrivals
The number of domestic tourist visits
Outbound (people travelling away from the
country of residence) visitor expenditure
Inbound (people entering your country) visitor
expenditure
• Tourism involves:
Temporary visits
Travel to an area other than the area where
the tourist normally resides
Travel for leisure
Travel for business (but excluding trips where
the traveler is remunerated from within the
country visited)
good management, teamwork, customer
satisfaction and, therefore, communication
and intercultural skills, foreign languages, and
especially English
Reading comprehension (p.4)
Match each word with its definition
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Activity holidays
Computer link-ups
Computer reservations
Holograms
Long haul
Mass tourism
Orbiting the Earth
Short breaks
Underwater









Flights over long distances
Bookings
Connections, associations
Brief holidays
Large-scale tourism
Rotating, circling
Submerged, submarine
Three-dimensional image
Involving walking, cycling, etc.
What is the difference?
• Tour operators – operate tours, combining
tour and travel components to create a
holiday. Niche tour operators specialize in
destinations
• Travel agents – inform and promote, helping
you to make a choice. Once the trip is booked,
you are in the hands of a tour operator
Some more questions…
• True/false:
 Tourism had an extraordinary development during
the 1950s and the 1980s
 Future devices will be very expensive
 Travelling always involves experiencing natural
environments
 Technology will replace face-to-face meetings
 Future holidays will be longer, farther and
standardized
• PARA I – find a synonym for the noun growth
• PARA II – what is a breakthrough?
• PARA III – find in the text two words which
mean the opposite (e.g., win/lose)
• PARA IV – from the grammatical point of view,
less is …
• PARA V – find a synonym for the adjective
marine
• PARA VI – compound nouns: closed-circuit,
inter-office, link-ups, long-haul
Writing skills:
what is this article about?
• General introduction (usually the article’s first
paragraph(s)
• Details
• Details
• Conclusions with future developments
Years
1984
2002
Decimals
16.5
17.38%
0.185
SAYING NUMBERS
Currencies
£3.15
$7.80
Bigger Numbers
3560
598,347
1,300,402
1m
3bn
$478m
£7.5bn
Mon
Tue
Wed Thur Fri
Your week’s emotional state
Sat
Sun
T
R
E
N
D
S
VERB
NOUN
decline
A decline
decrease
A decrease
double
A doubling (rare)
drop
A drop
fall
A fall
fluctuate
A fluctuation
gain
A gain
halve
A halving (rare)
improve
An improvement
increase
An increase
Level off
A levelling off
Peak
A peak
plummet
A plummet (rare)
recover
A recovery
rise
A rise
Rocket / triple
A rocket / a tripling (rare)
TRENDS
Prepositions
Profits rose 11% to $2.7bn
Profits have gone up from 3m to 4m euros
Our business grew by 10% last year
There’s been a decrease of 4m euros
Last year profits stood at 2.5m pounds
Adjectives and adverbs
There was a dramatic fall; shares fell dramatically
The similarities between Enron and Ahold are striking
Prices fluctuated mildly, dropped slightly, rose steadily
Prices reached a peak, stocks had a dramatic and sudden fall
20
Describing change & consequence (p.120)
• Current trends: present continuous, present
continuous passive + time expressions such as
currently, nowadays, at the moment;
• Past trends: simple past, simple past passive, past
continuous , present perfect, past perfect + time
expressions;
• Result or consequence: 1. tense (past, present, or
future); 2. verbs such as lead to, result in; 3.
expressions such as as a consequence, as a result;
4. the verb to mean.
Useful phrases
Re-order these words to make phrases for referring to visuals in
a presentation.
25 you from this graph as can see…
__________________________________________________
26 on it’s this obvious slide…
__________________________________________________
27 this here to the see figures led you.
__________________________________________________
28 notice table from you’ll this …
__________________________________________________
29 shows what chart clearly this I mean
__________________________________________________
30 a this flow look at take chart.
__________________________________________________
22
Giving opinions, agreeing, & disagreeing
•
•
•
•
•
Asking for an opinion
Giving an opinion
Agreeing
Disagreeing
Neither agreeing nor disagreeing (expressing
reservations)
Words with more than a value:
pronunciation
Record
 Export
 Import
 Concern
 Program

to record
to export
to import
to concern
to program
24
Prefixes
Add the following prefixes to the adjectives below to make words
with the opposite meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary.
unindisim1. Formal
4. polite
7. friendly
10. respectful
2. Satisfied
5. practical
8. efficient
11. patient
3. Honest
6. considerate 9. important 12. appropriate
Someone who is bad-mannered is impolite
Someone who ...
1. ... doesn’t tell the truth is ____________
2. ... wants to do things in a hurry and finish quickly ____________
3. ... doesn’t like other people and doesn’t want to talk is _______
4. ... works slowly and doesn’t do their job well is ___________
5. ... doesn’t think about other people’s needs or wishes is ______
6. ... isn’t happy with the way things happened is _____________
Phonetics
Match column A with column B
A
• forecast
• breakthrough
• future
• holiday
• tourism
• mass
• prediction
• journey
B
• /ˈtʊərɪzəm/
• /ˈdʒ3ːnɪ/
• /ˈfjuːtʃəʳ/
• /ˈbreɪkθruː/
• /mæs/
• /ˈhɒlədɪ/
• /ˈfɔːkɑːst/
• /prɪˈdɪkʃən/
What words do you recognize?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
/'kʌmpənɪ/
/ˈvɪzɪt/
/ˈliːʒəʳ/
/'strʌktʃə(r)/
/rɪ'laɪəbl/
/'kʌstmaɪz/
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəlɪ/
/grəʊ/
/tekˈnɒlədʒɪ/
/'bɪznɪs/
/'gləʊbl/
/dɪˈveləpmənt/
/ˈtʊərɪst/
/ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt/
/ˈtʊəʳ/ /ˈɒpəreɪtəʳ/
/diːˈkriːs/
27