PARTII: COMPLEX ANIMALS
CHAPTER 8
Ch 7 and 8 Outline
• INVERTEBRATES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Phylum: Sponges
Phylum: Stinging cell
Phylum: Flatworm
Phylum: Roundworm
Phylum: Segmented worms
Phylum: Mollusk (soft-bodied)
7. Phylum: Arthropods
• Class
– Insecta
– Arachnid
– Crustacean
8. Phylum: Echinoderms
– Starfish
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VERTEBRATES
1. Phylum: Chordate
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Class
1. Jawless Fish
2. Cartilage Fish
3. Bony Fish
4. Amphibians
5. Reptiles
6. Birds
7. Mammals
1. Arthropods
(Jointed-legs)
• Invertebrate
• Largest phyla (3/4 of all animals on earth!!)
• Exoskeleton
– Segmented body
• Head
• Thorax
• Abdomen
• Bilateral symmetry
• Appendages
– Legs, wings, antennae
• Grow by molting
1. Arthropod
Class: Arachnid
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8 legs ( 4 pairs)
No antennae
2 body segments
Spiders, scorpions, ticks
1. Arthropod
Class: Insecta
• 6 legs (3 pairs)
• 3 body segments
• 2 pairs of wings (most)
1. Arthropod
Class: Crustacea
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Mostly Marine animals
2 pairs of Antennae
4 pairs of walking legs
Some...1 pair of “pinchers”
Crab, lobster, shrimp,
crayfish
Sowbug
Crayfish
2. Spiny-skin animals
(a.k.a. Echinoderm)
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Radial symmetry
“Spines” on skin
5-part body
Tube feet used for
movement, feeding, attachment.
• Example: starfish
Tube feet
Vertebrates *(Chordates)
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Backbone
Endoskeleton
Most complex of all animals
7 Classes of Vertebrates
1. Jawless Fish
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All aquatic (live in water)
Cold-blooded
Breathe with gills
No jaws
No scales (smooth skin)
No bone
– Made of cartilage
• Ex: Lamprey
– parasitic
Lamprey
2. Cartilage Fish
• Skeleton made of Cartilage
• Jaws, scales, and paired fins
• Examples:
– Sharks
– rays
3. Bony Fish
• Largest class of fish
• Skeletons are made of bone
• Swim bladder
– Fills with gas….floats
– Empties…sinks
4. Amphibians
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Lives on water and on land (webbed feet)
Cold-blooded (may hibernate)
Fertilization in water. Why?
Breathe = lungs and/or gills, and thru skin
Can be poisonous…(poison dart frog)
Salamander
Tree Frog
5. Reptiles
• Dry scaly skin
• Cold-blooded
• Terrestrial (live and reproduce on land)
– Eggs with shell…why important?
• Most have claws
Anaconda killing a crocodile
6. Birds
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Warm blooded
Wings, beak, 2 legs
Feathers
Shelled eggs
No teeth…beak adapted to food
Hollow bones
Ostrich:
– Why important?
World’s
largest
bird
7. Mammals
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Warm blooded
Females : mammary gland
Hair (whales and dolphins???)
Develop offspring inside the body,
except…
– Kangaroo: pouch
– Platypus: egg-laying
Examples of mammals...
» How are whales & dolphins different than other
mammals? What are their adaptations?