Muscle Memory
Sternocleidomastoid
Location –
• Neck
Movement –
• Head Flexion and rotation
Extra
Origin • Manubrium of sternum and
medial portion of clavicle.
Insertion –
• Mastoid process of temporal
bone and superior nuchal line of
occipital bone.
Nerve Supply –
• Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve
XI)
Pectoralis Major
Location –
• Chest
Movement –
• Shoulder Flexion
• Internal Rotation
• Shoulder Adduction
Extra
Origin –
• Sternal end of clavicle, sternum,
cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis
of external oblique muscle.
Insertion –
• Fibers converge to insert by a short
tendon into intertubercular groove of
humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves
• Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in
climbing, throwing, pushing and forced
inspiration.
Pectoralis
Minor
Location –
• Chest
Movement –
• Stabilizes scapula by drawing it
inferiorly and anteriorly against
thoracic wall
Extras
Origin –
• 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal
cartilages
Insertion –
• Medial border and superior surface
of coracoid process of scapula
Nerve Supply –
• Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
Biceps Brachii
Location• Anterior upper arm
Movement –
• Elbow Flexion
•Forearm Supination
Extra
• Has 2 origins (bi)
• Short head - coracoid
process
•Long head – tubercle above
glenoid cavity
• Insertion
• Radial Tuberosity
• Nerve Supply
• Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachialis
Location –
• Proximal to the elbow in
supination.
Movement –
• Elbow flexion
Extras
Origin –
• Distal half of anterior surface of
humerus
Insertion –
• Coronoid process and tuberosity of
ulna
Nerve Supply –
• Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and
C6) (C5, C6)
Brachioradialis
Location –
• Front of forearm.
Movement –
• Elbow Flexion
• Forearm Pronation
• Forearm Supination
Extras
Origin –
• Lower 2/3 of lateral
supracondylar ridge of
humerus.
Insertion –
• Styloid process of radius.
Nerve Supply –
• Radial Nerve
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Flexes proximal phalanges at
matacarpophalangeal joints .
•Flexes middle phalanges at proximal
interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers.
Extras
Origin • Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of
humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and
coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior
half of anterior border of radius
Insertion –
• Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Nerve Supply –
• Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)
Palmaris Longus
Location•Inside of forearm
Movement•Weak wrist flexion
•Tenses skin and fascia of palm
during hand movements.
Extra
Origin•Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion•Palmar aponeurosis, skin and
fascia of palm.
Nerve Supply•Median nerve
• Some people don’t have one (14%)
• Touch your pointer finger with your
5th finger and flex your wrist to see it.
Pronator
Teres
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in
supination.
Movement –
• Forearm Pronation
• Elbow Flexion
Extras
Origin • Medial epicondyle of humerus and
coronoid process of ulna
Insertion –
• Middle of lateral surface of radius
Nerve Supply –
• Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
Trapezius
Location•Upper Back
Movement –
• Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and
rotates Scapula
Extra
• Origin
• Occipital bone, spines of
C7-T12
• Insertion
• Along Acromion and spine
of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of
clavicle
• Nerve Supply
•Accessory Nerve
Levator Scapulae
Location –
• Back of the neck.
Movement –
• Scapula Elevation.
Extras
Origin –
• Transverse processes of C1
– C4
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula,
superior to the spine.
Nerve Supply –
• Cervical spinal nerves
• Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid
Minor
Location –
• Upper back
• Between scapula and spine
Movement –
• Retract scapula
• Rotate scapula to depress glenoid
cavity
•Fix scapula to thoracic wall
Extra
Origin –
• Nuchal ligament and spinous
processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula from level
of spine to inferior angle.
Nerve Supply –
• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)
Rhomboid
Major
Location –
• Back
• Between the scapula and the spine
Movement –
• Retract scapula and rotate it to
depress glenoid cavity
•Fix scapula to thoracic wall
Extras
Origin –
• Spinous processes of T2 - T5
vertebrae
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula from level
of spine to inferior angle
Nerve Supply –
• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)
(C4, C5)
Triceps Brachii
Location –
• Back of the arm
Movement –
• Elbow Extension
Extras
Origin –
• LH: Infraglenoid tubercle
of scapula
• LTH: Posterior shaft of
humerus
• MH: Posterior humeral
shaft distal to radial groove.
Insertion –
• By common tendon into
olecranon process of ulna.
Nerve Supply –
• Radial Nerve
Latissimus
Dorsi
Location –
• Inferior back
Movement –
• Shoulder Extension
• Shoulder Adduction
• Shoulder Internal rotation
Extras
Origin • Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic
vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,
and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Insertion –
• Floor of intertubercular groove of
humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6,
C7, C8)
Supraspinatus
Location –
• Top of the shoulder
• On the scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder abduction.
Extra
Origin –
• Supraspinous fossa
Insertion –
• Superior facet of the greater
tubercle of humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Suprascapular nerve.
• Part of the rotator cuff.
• Stabilizes the humeral head in the
glenoid fossa.
• Action is controversial.
Infraspinatus
Location –
• Scapula
• Back
Movement –
• Helps to hold head of humerus in
gleniod cavity.
• Stabilizing shoulder joint
• External rotation
Extra
Origin –
• Infraspinous fossa of scapula.
Insertion –
• Greater tubercle of humerus posterior
to insertion of supraspinatus.
Nerve Supply –
• Suprascapular
• Part of Rotator Cuff.
Teres
Minor
Location –
• Back
• Inferior scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder External Rotation.
• Helps hold humeral head in glenoid
cavity.
Extras
Origin • Superior part of lateral border of
scapula
Insertion –
•Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of
humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
Subscapularis
Location –
• Inside of the scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder Adduction
• Shoulder Internal Rotation.
Extras
Origin • Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion –
• Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Upper and lower subscapular nerves
(C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
Teres Major
Location –
• Back
• Lower scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder adduction
• Shoulder internal rotation
Extras
Origin –
• Dorsal surface of inferior
angle of scapula.
Insertion –
• Medial lip of
intertubercular groove of
humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Subscapular nerve
Serratus
Anterior
Location –
• Side of the rib cage
Movement –
• Draws scapula forward and upward.
• Abducts and rotates scapula.
• Stabilizes vertebral border of
scapula.
Extras
Origin • Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or
9 ribs at the side of chest
Insertion –
• Vertebral border of scapula
Nerve Supply –
• Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
(C5, C6, C7)
Anterior
Deltoid
Location –
• Superior and anterior aspect of the
shoulder.
Movement –
• Shoulder Flexion
• Shoulder Internal rotation
Extras
Origin • Lateral third of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
Insertion –
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Suppley –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
Middle
Deltoid
Location•Top of shoulder
•Upper arm
Movement•Shoulder Abduction (3)
Extras
• 3 total deltoid muscles
Origin•Embraces insertion of the
trapezius
•lateral 1/3 of clavicle
•acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion•Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve Supply•Axillary nerve
Posterior
Deltoid
Location –
• Top and posterior of
shoulder
Movement –
• Transverse Extension.
• Shoulder Abduction (3)
Extras
Origin –
• Lower lip of posterior
border of spine of scapula as
far back as medial end.
Insertion –
• Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Axillary Nerve
Iliopsoas
Combination of 3 muscles:
1. Psoas major
2. Psoas minor
3. Iliacus
Location –
• Abdomen
Movement –
• Torso Flexion
• Hip Flexion
Extras
Origin –
• Anterior surfaces and lower borders
of transverse processes of L1 - L5
and bodies and discs of T12 - L5
Insertion –
• Lesser trochanter
Nerve Supply –
• Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar
plexus (L1, L2, L3)
Sartorius
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh
• Medial aspect of the knee.
Movement –
• Hip Flexion
• Hip External Rotation
• Knee Flexion.
Extras
Origin –
• Anterior superior iliac spine .
Insertion –
• Superior aspect of the medial surface
of the tibial shaft near the tibial
tuberosity.
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Rectus
Femoris
Location• Middle, Front Thigh
Movement –
•Knee Extension
•Hip Flexion
Extra
• Origin
• Anterior Inferior Illiac
Spine
• Insertion
•Patella and Tibial
Tuberosity via Patellar
Ligament
• Nerve Supply
•Femoral Nerve
Vastus
Lateralis
Location –
• Anterior aspect of thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Extension
Extras
Origin –
• Superior portion of intertrochanteric line,
anterior and inferior borders of greater
trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of
linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal
tuberosity of femur.
Insertion –
• Lateral base and border of patella; also forms
the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral
side of quadriceps femoris tendon.
Nerve Supply –
• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3,
L4)
Vastus Medialis
Location –
• Front of thigh
Movement –
• Extends knee
• Stabilize patella
Extras
Origin –
• Linea aspera,
intertrochanteric line.
Insertion –
• As for rectus femoris
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral Nerve
• Part of the Quadriceps muscle
group.
• Tear drop on the inside is called
the ‘oblique.’
Vastus
Intermedius
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Extension (4)
Extras
Origin –
• Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces
of femur; also from lateral intermuscular
septum of thigh
Insertion –
• Lateral border of patella; also forms the
deep portion of the quadriceps tendon
Nerve Supply –
• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3,
L4)
Anterior
Tibialis
Location –
• Front of lower leg
Movement –
• Dorsiflexion of ankle.
Extra
Origin –
• Lateral condyle and upper 2/3
of tibial shaft; interosseous
membrane.
Insertion –
• By tendon into inferior surface
of medial cuneiform and first
metatarsal bone.
Nerve Supply –
• Deep fibular nerve
• Muscle associated with shin splints.
Gluteus
Maximus
Location –
• Butt
• Backside
Movement –
• Hip extension.
• Hip external rotation.
• Hip abduction.
Extras
Origin –
• Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to
posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac
crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and
coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion –
• Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band;
also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior
femoral surface.
Nerve Supply –
• Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus
Medius
Location• Back side.
•Buttocks
Movement•Hip Abduction
• Hip internal rotation
Extras
Origin• Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on
lateral surface of ilium
Insertion•By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater
trochanter of femur
Nerve Supply• Superior gluteal nerve
• Important in walking
• Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in
abduction so that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not
sag.
• The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.
Gluteus
Minimus
Location –
• Lateral aspect of the hip.
Movement –
• Hip Abduction (3)
• Hip Internal rotation.
Extras
Origin –
• Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior
gluteal lines; also from edge of greater
sciatic notch
Insertion –
• Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Nerve Supply –
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5,
S1)
Gastrocnemius
Location –
• Posterior lower leg
Movement –
• Plantarflexes foot when knee
extended
• Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed
Extra
Origin –
• By two heads from medial and
lateral condyles of femur.
Insertion –
• Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon.
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial Nerve
Soleus
Location –
• Posterior aspect of the lower leg.
• Under the gastrocnemius.
Movement –
• Ankle Plantarflexion
Extras
Origin –
• Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of
posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial
border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a
tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin
Insertion –
• Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius
aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on
the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)
Semitendinosus
Location –
• Posterior aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion
• Hip Extension
• Tibia internal rotation when knee is
flexed.
Extras
Origin –
• From common tendon with long head of
biceps femoris from superior medial
quadrant of the posterior portion of the
ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Superior aspect of medial portion of
tibial shaft
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Semimebranosus
Location –
• Back of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion
• Hip extension and internal
rotation.
Extra
• Part of the Hamstring group.
Origin –
• Ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Medial condyle of tibia.
Nerve Supply –
• Sciatic nerve.
Biceps
Femoris
Location –
• Back of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion (3)
• Rotates the tibia laterally.
• Extends the hip joint
Extras
Origin –
• Common tendon with semitendinosus
from superior medial quadrant of the
posterior portion of the ischial
tuberosity
Insertion –
• Primarily on fibular head; also on
lateral collateral ligament and lateral
tibial condyle
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Tensor Fasciae
Latae
Location –
• Lateral aspect of the upper leg.
Movement –
• Helps stabilize the hip and knee by
putting tension on the iliotibial band of
fascia.
Extras
Origin • Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of
anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion –
• Iliotibial band
Nerve Supply –
•Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4,
L5, S1)
Adductor
Longus
Location –
• Inside of the thigh
Movement –
• Adduction of the hip
• Hip flexion
Extra
Origin –
• Pubic body just below the
pubic crest.
Insertion –
• Middle 1/3 of the linea
aspera
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve
Adductor
Brevis
Location –
• Inside of thigh
Movement –
• Adducts hip.
• Flexes hip.
• Externally rotates hip.
Extras
Origin –
• Anterior surface of inferior
pubic ramus, inferior to
origin of adductor longus.
Insertion –
• Pectineal line and superior
part of medial lip of linea
aspera.
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve
Adductor
Magnus
Location –
• Medial aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip Adduction (3)
• Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers)
• Hip Extension (Vertical fibers)
Extras
Origin –
• Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and
inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of
linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and
adductor tubercle
Nerve Supply –
• Posterior division of obturator nerve
innervates most of the adductor magnus;
vertical or hamstring portion innervated by
tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Gracilis
Location –
• Inside of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip adduction, flexion, and
internal rotation.
Extras
Origin –
• Inferior ramus and body of pubis
and adjacent ischial ramus.
Insertion –
• Medial surface of tibia just
inferior to its medial condyle (Pes
Anserinus).
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve.
Pectineus
Location –
• Inside of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip Adduction
• Hip Flexion
Extras
Origin –
• Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the
pubis
Insertion –
• Pectineal line of femur
Nerve Supply –
•Femoral nerve usually, although it may
sometimes receive additional innervation
from the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)
Peroneus
Longus
Location –
• Lateral, lower leg
Movement –
• Ankle Eversion.
•Ankle Plantarflexion
• Supports transverse arch
Extras
Origin –
• Head of fibula
• Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface.
Insertion –
• Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial
cuneiform.
• Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.
Nerve Supply –
• Superficial peroneal nerve.