CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
OCTOBER15
ASSESSMENT_CODE BCA6022_OCTOBER15
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
13835
QUESTION_TEXT
List and explain the various software cost estimation models.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Software Cost Estimation Methods
A number of methods have been used to estimate software costs.
Algorithmic Models
These methods provide one or more algorithms which produce a
software cost estimate as a function of a number of variables which
relate to some software metric (usually its size) and cost drivers.
Expert Judgment
This method involves consulting one or more experts, perhaps with the
aid of an expert-consensus mechanism such as the Delphi technique.
Analogy Estimation
This method involves reasoning by analogy with one or more
completed projects to relate their actual costs to an estimate of the cost
of a similar new project.
Top-down Estimation
An overall cost estimate for the project is derived from global
properties of the software product. The total cost is then split up among
the various components.
Bottom-up Estimation
Each component of the software job is separately estimated, and the
results aggregated to produce an estimate for the overall job.
Parkinson's Principle
A Parkinson principle ('Work expands to fill the available volume") is
invoked to equate the cost estimate to the available resources.
Price to Win
The cost estimation developed by this method is equated to the price
believed necessary to win the job. The estimated effort depends on the
customer's budget and not on the software functionality.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
13836
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain the different types of organizational structures.
Hierarchical organizational structures explanation --- 2M
Flat organizational structures explanation --- 2M
SCHEME OF EVALUATION Matrix organizational structures explanation --- 2M
Network organizational structures explanation --- 2M
T-Form organizational structures explanation --- 2M
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
13840
QUESTION_TEXT
What is the purpose of planning a project? Explain about PERT Chart
and Gantt Chart?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
The purpose of planning a project is to identify the sequence of activities
as per their complexities and dependencies. At the later stage, these plans
help us to find any deviations from the actual plan, so that the corrective
action may be taken. The sooner the deviations from the plan are
detected, the more it is possible to cope up with them. There are several
methods available for planning. The popular ones are:
1.PERT Chart
2.Gantt Chart
PERT Chart: (5 marks)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is basically a
method to analyze the tasks involved in completing a given project,
especially the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the
minimum time needed to complete the total project. A PERT chart is
represented with boxes and arrows. Each box represents an activity (ex.
Design is an activity, Testing is an activity). The arrows are used to show
the dependency of activities on one another. The activity at the head of
the arrow cannot start until the activity at the tail of the arrow is finished.
For developing his PERT chart, one must first list all the activities
required for the completion of the project and estimate how long each
will take, and then one must determine the dependencies of activities on
one another.
Salient Features of PERT Chart:
1.It forces and helps the manager to plan.
2.It shows the interrelationship among the tasks in the project.
3.It exposes the critical path and allows us the opportunity to consider
the alternative approaches to cope with a potential problem.
4.It allows scheduling and simulation of alternative schedules.
Gantt Chart: (4 marks)
Gantt chart is project planning technique used for several purposes,
including scheduling, Budgeting, Resource planning. It was initially
developed by Henry L Gantt.
A Gantt chart represents the following:
1.Graphical representation of a schedule
2.Clear and easy communication
3.Resource allocation
4.Tracking of the schedule
5.Providing a history of the project
A Gantt chart helps in scheduling the activities of a project, but it does
not help in identifying them. Gantt charts are also used to allocate
resources and plan staffing. Gantt charts do not highlight inter-task
dependencies, which is a subject matter of PERT charts.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72421
QUESTION_TEXT
Describe ISO 9001 & SEI-CMM software quality standards and compare them.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization that controls and
develops the standards for product development. ISO 9000 standards are for
quality management systems. These standards are developed to help the
organization to meet the customer requirements and satisfy the quality
constraints. ISO 9000 standards are adopted by more than 100 countries
worldwide. ISO 9001 provides the stringent requirements that the organizations
will have to meet in order to be certified by third party through assessment. [2
marks]
CMM (Capability Maturity Model) is a process improvement methodology
developed by Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon
University, USA. CMM is developed for increasing the productivity in the
software development. It provides set of best practices, procedures, and
standard practices to address the important aspects of the software
development. The CMM addresses areas like the productivity, cost control,
performance, predictability etc….. [3 marks]
Comparison between ISO 9001 & SEI-CMM
[5 marks]
Both SEI-CMM and ISO 9001 targets to improve on software development
practices by defining set of procedures and standards. Hence we can expect some
correlation between the two standards. The level at which details are covered
differ between the two standards. Some issues in ISO 9001 are not covered in the
CMM, and some issues in the CMM are not addressed in ISO 9001. The levels of
detail differ significantly between the two standards.
ISO defines the clauses while the CMM defines KPA’s (Key process area) in its
representation of the standards. The clauses in ISO 9001 with no strong
relationships to the CMM key process areas, and which are not well addressed in
the CMM, are purchaser-supplied product and handling, storage, packaging and
delivery. The clause in ISO 9001 that is addressed in the CMM in a completely
distributed fashion is servicing. The clauses in ISO 9001 for which the exact
relationship to the CMM is subject to significant debate are corrective action and
statistical techniques…
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72422
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain software reengineering process model.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Software Reengineering Process Model
[ 10 marks]
Reengineering takes time; it costs significant amounts of money; and it
absorbs resources that might be otherwise occupied on immediate
concerns. For all of these reasons, reengineering is not accomplished in
a few months or even a few years. Reengineering of information systems
is an activity that will absorb information technology resources for many
years. That’s why every organization needs a pragmatic strategy for
software reengineering. A workable strategy is encompassed in a
reengineering process model. We’ll discuss the model later in this
section, but first, some basic principles. Reengineering is a rebuilding
activity, and we can better understand the reengineering of information
systems if we consider an analogous activity, the rebuilding of a house…
Six Activities of Software Reengineering Process are:
Inventory analysis
Document Restructuring
Reverse engineering
Code restructuring
Data restructuring
Forward engineering
Explain all the above points.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
125843
QUESTION_TEXT
Define CASE. List and explain the various categories of CASE tools.
The term Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) is applied to software
products development that uses extensive software engineering principles and
these processes are implemented either partly or majorly through the
supporting software.
The CASE tools can be broadly categorized as follows
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
•
Information Engineering supporting products
•
Structured diagramming supporting products
•
Structured development aids providing products
•
Application code generating products
(10 marks)