multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell wall,
heterotrophs, capable of movement,
reproduce sexually, body symmetry (radial or
bilateral)
9 Phyla- 8 invertebrate and 1 vertebrate

Porifera- two cell layers, collar cells
w/flagella, filter feeders, ex. sponges

Cnidarians- Stinging cells, radial symmetry,
simple nervous system only stimulus and
response, central cavity only one body
opening, ex. jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea
anemone


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Plathyhelmenthes: flat worms, only one
body opening, three cell layers,ex.
Tapeworm, Fluke, Planarian, Marine worms
Nematode: round worms, first with two
body openings, 3 cell layers, many
parasitic, Heartworm, Roundworm, Vinegar
Eel
Annelid: segmented worms, two body
openings, 3 cell layers, beginning of
circulatory system, and digestive system
(crop), ex. Earthworm and Leech


Plathyhelmenthes
Annelid
Nematode
soft body, more complex body systems
developing, eyes and nervous system, levels
of communication beyond stimulus and
response
3 classes
 Gastropod (snails and slugs),
 Cephalopod (squid octopus cuttlefish and
chambered nautilus),
 Bivalve (oyster, clam, mussel, scallop)


Bivalves Gastropods
Cephalopods
jointed legs, exoskeleton, body segments
(head, thorax, and abdomen),
metamorphosis (complete or incomplete)
4 classes:
Insect -6 legs (ant, grasshopper, beetle, bee,
wasp)
Arachnid -8 legs (spider, tick, horseshoe
crab),
Crustacean -10 legs (shrimp, lobster,
barnacles, crayfish)
Myrapods -many legs, centipede and
millipedes

Characteristics: spiny skin, complex
regeneration capacity, found only in marine
environments, radial symmetry,
Examples: Sea urchin, Sand dollar, Starfish, Sea
cucumber
Chordate notachord, complex body systems,
sexual reproduction (internal or external
fertilization) 5 classes:
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fish, moist skin covered in scales, gills to
breathe, 2 chambered heart, cold blooded,
3 types:
1. bony ex Trout, Salmon, Bass, Catfish,
Grouper, Tarpon.
2. jawless, ex. Lamprey and tunicates
3. cartilaginous ex. Sharks and Rays


Amphibian, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart,
born in water, develop lungs, smooth moist
skin, ex. salamander, newts, frogs, and toads
(only dry skin)

Reptile, dry leathery skin with scales, cold
blooded, 3 chambered heart,
amniote/terrestrial eggs, ex. Lizards, snakes,
turtles, alligator, crocodile

Bird, warm blooded, 4 chambered heart,
hollow bones, body with feathers


Mammal, warm blooded, 4 chambered
heart, milk producers, body with hair/fur
Placental (live birth), Marsupial (pouch) ex.
Kangaroo, and Monotremes (egg) ex
Platypus
Innate:
1.
2.
3.
Instincts- complex pattern of innate
behaviors, reflexes, fight or flight,
courtships, species recognition (language,
song, flashes of pattern/light)
Territory- physical space needed for
breeding, feeding, and shelter, organisms
can expend a lot of energy defending
territory some will fight to the death.
Migration- instinctive seasonal movement,
response to a changing environment,
includes hibernation (cold) and estivation
(dry and hot)
Learned:


Habituation- animal repeats a successful
behavior, and does not repeat an
unsuccessful behavior, birds learn which
moths are poisonous by color and avoid
eating them after becoming ill or getting a
bad taste. Deer return to the same grazing
field when successful.
Imprinting – salmon and turtles return to
same stream or beach to lay eggs in which
they hatched, the environment left an imprint
or memory



Mechanical- physical structures
Chemical- stinging sensations, poisons, bad
taste, paralysis
Camouflage- color or pattern that blend into
environment
◦ Disruptive- ex zebra
◦ Cryptic- ex chameleon and squid
◦ Countershading- ex Fish have light belly and dark
back