Chapter 17, 25-32
BIOLOGY 11 REVIEW
CHAPTER 17-CLASSIFICATION
INCORPORATED INTO OTHER QUESTIONS
 Cladistics
 Cladogram, fanlike model
 Six Kingdom system

CHAPTER 25-ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Heterotrophic
 Symmetry
 Coelom
 Invertebrate/vertebrate
 Endoskeleton/exoskeleton
 Development

 Dermal
layers
CHAPTER 26-SPONGES, CNIDARIANS,

Sponges
 Filter
feeding, collar cells, spicules, amoebocytes
 No tissues, hermaphrodite

Cnidarians
 Nematocysts
 Polyp
(asexual reproduction) -> medusa
(sperm/eggs)
 Hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans
CHAPTER 26 & 27: THE WORMS

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)




Roundworms (Nematoda)



Least complex of the worms
Parasitic: tape worm (scolex, proglottid), fluke (snail host)
free-living: planaria (flame cells, regeneration)
2 body openings
Ascaris, trichinella, pin worm
Segmented worms



Setae, segmentation with own muscles, specialization, nerve cords
Closed circ system
Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Hirudinae
CHAPTER 27-MOLLUSKS
Mantle
 Radula
 Gills or lungs

Gastropods
 Bivalves
 Cephalopods

 Octopus:
closed circ system
CHAPTER 28-ARTHROPODS




All with jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
Malpighian tubules
Well developed senses including eyes

Arachnids: spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions






2 body segments, 6 pairs of appendages (incl chelicerae, pedipalps)
Crustaceans: 2 pairs of antennae
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Merostomata
Insecta: 3 body segments, 6 legs
CHAPTER 29-ECHINODERMS & INVERT
CHORDATES

Echinoderms
Pedicellariae, water vascular system, tube feet
 Radial symmetry, deuterostome


Invert chordates
Chordate characteristics
 Tunicates: adults have only gill slits; can live in colonies
 Lancelets: bury into sand, all chordate features
throughout life

CHAPTER 30-FISH & AMPHIBIANS

Fish





Agnatha: no jaws (lamprey and hagfish)
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes: swim bladder, separate vertebrae
Scales, lateral line system
Amphibians




Ectotherm, metamorphosis
Live part of life on land: 3 chambered heart
Respiration: SKIN and lungs
Anura, caudata, apoda
CHAPTER 31-REPTILES & BIRDS

Reptiles
 Scaly
skin, amniotic egg
 Ectotherms
 Squamata, chelonia, crocodilia, tuatara

Birds
 Feathers,
sternum, efficient respiration, 4
chambered heart
 endotherm
CHAPTER 32-MAMMALS
Hair
 Mammary glands, sweat glands
 Specialized teeth
 Placental mammals

 Uterus
 Placenta
Marsupials
 monotremes

THE TEST

100 marks total
 45
multiple choice
 20 matching
 35 short answer/ diagram
BIG TICKET ITEMS
Cladogram
 Mammal diagram
