10/01/14 Session
Freshman Composition
• Turn in Response Essays
• Introduction: How to Effectively Integrate Quotations
from Publications and Electronic Resources, using MLA
guidelines
• Stephen Colbert demonstration and discussion
• Introducing “The Quote Sandwich”
• Group quotation activity
• Peer review and discussion of Sample Descriptive Essay
on Painting
• Peer review of Drafts of Your Rough Drafts of
Descriptive Essay with Peer Review Rubrics
What to Expect Today
Why Do We Cite
Sources?
"So you don't get accused of
plagiarizing."
Why Do We Cite?
• To make your arguments more credible. You want to use the very best evidence to
support your claims.
• To show you've done your homework. You want to make it clear to your audience that
you've researched your subject and know what you are talking about. As you dive deeper
into your research, you will probably find certain authors are experts on the topic and are
mentioned in most of the articles and books. You should read these experts' works and
incorporate them into your paper.
• To build a foundation for your paper. Great breakthroughs in scholarship are
accomplished by building on the earlier, groundbreaking work of others. You want to
provide references to the works which led to your thesis.
• To allow your readers to find the sources for themselves. Someone interested in your
topic may be inspired to read some of the articles and other sources you used to write
your paper. The citation within the paper tells them what part of your argument is best
addressed by a particular source, and the full citation in the bibliography provides them
with the information needed to locate the original work.
Why Do We Cite?
Proper Quote Integration
• Referring to the works of others in your
text
• Can include using a “signal phrase” or
• Placing relevant source information in
parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase
What is an “in-text citation”?
What Do I Need to Include in an In-Text Citation?
• Basic information for an in-text citation includes:
• the author's last name
• page number letting the reader know where the information
can be located in the original document.
• This information can either be supplied in a signal phrase
or at the end of the citation.
What Do I Need to Include in an In-Text Citation?
Two Options when you have an author
and printed text with page #
Basil Maglaris, a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company
wanted to portray Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being
part of the conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy
Central are about edgier types of content” ( Andrews 22).
OR
According to Bill Andrews’ article in Newsweek, Basil Maglaris,
a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company wanted to portray
Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being part of the
conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy Central are
about edgier types of content” (22).
Citations should be in parenthesis (). It should
include the author and the page number. The period
goes after the closing parenthesis.
What is a Signal Phrase and How Do I Use It?
Signal Phrases
• When using direct quotations in a research report or documented
essay, use signal phrases to identify the source and type of
information
• Effective signal phrases include the author’s name and usually an
action verb that characterizes the information.
Remember to include
a parenthetical
reference, usually a
page number for print
sources, after the
direct quotation.
What is a Signal Phrase and How Do I Use It?
What if I use a Signal Phrase?
A student is citing a statistic from the following short
work from a Web site:
United States. Dept. of Justice. Drug Enforcement
Administration. “1990-1994.” US Drug Enforcement
Administration. DEA, 12 Oct. 2014. Web. 5 Mar. 2014
In this case, using signal phrase giving the author of the
source is sufficient. (Here the author is a government
agency.)
According to a report by the United States Justice Department’s
Drug Enforcement Administration, heroin in the 1990s was about
five times more potent than the heroin of the 1960s.
In-Text Citations When You Don’t Know Author
I don’t know the author of a
publication– What do I do?
Use an abbreviated form of the title followed by
the page number
No wild species have become extinct as a result
of regulated sport hunting ("Mountain
Lion" 74).
Citations should be in parenthesis (). It should
include the author and the page number. The period
goes after the closing parenthesis.
In-Text Citations When Citing an Online Source
My resource is from the internet
and doesn’t have an author
"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, n.d.
Web. 24 Feb. 2013
When making vegetarian chili, one chef recommends using
red lentils instead of green to increase flavor (“How to Make
Vegetarian Chili”).
Cite the title of the article
In-Text Citations When Citing an Online Source
For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following
guidelines:
• Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work
Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author
name, article name, website name, film name).
• You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page
numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview
function.
• Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase
in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not
include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as
when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain
name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing
out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
In-Text Citations that are Questions
I have a quotation with a question mark
– where do I put the question mark?
Jimmy Olson sums up the debate over the
medical use of marijuana in three questions: “(1)
Is the drug safe? (2) Does it work? and (3) How
does it compare with other available drugs?” (8).
Because the question mark is in the original
source, it appears inside the quotation marks and
before the parenthetical citation. A period follows
the parentheses.
Quotes are only effective
when they are effectively
introduced and explained in
your paper.
Using a “quote sandwich” will
help make sure the quote
supports your point and is
integrated into your writing.
Integrating Quotations Effectively
The Quote "Sandwich"
1. Lead-In Sentence(s)
Provides context
b. Signals quote is coming
c. "Evidential" transition words help: "for instance,"
"for example," or "in fact"
a.
2. Quote
Succinct
b. Directly relevant to point
a.
3. Analysis/connecting Sentence(s)
Makes connection to significance FOR the reader
b. Moves reader from quote to your own point
a.
Quote Sandwich
Quote Sandwich
Quote Sandwich
How Do I Integrate Quotes Properly?
Let’s see how Stephen
Colbert uses quotes.
Listen to clip
http://vimeo.com/46314038
Notice how Stephen Colbert
• Leads into a quote
• How much of the quote he
uses
• How he continues after the
quote
Colbert Clip on Wheat Thins
How does Colbert lead into,
integrate, and continue after
quote?
Let’s Take A Look
The team at Nabisco has broken down the Wheat
Thins’ core message into two distinct categories:
Colbert Quotations on Wheat Thins
According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat Thins
are:
Colbert Quotations on Wheat Thins
I would love to pour this whole box of Wheat
Thins in my mouth right now, but the memo
clearly states that
Colbert Quotations on Wheat Thins
So remember everyone, even though Wheat
Thins are
Colbert Clip
Colbert Clip
Sixteen is the perfect number of Wheat Thins
to
Colbert uses the “Quote Sandwich” Technique
According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat
Thins are (LEAD IN)
“the perfect snacking sidekick whenever,
wherever and for whatever.” (THE QUOTE)
Cheese? Yes! Hummus? Sure! A
discarded strip of truck tire? It can
handle it! (EXPLANATION
FOLLOWING QUOTE)
Now, I would love to pour this whole
box of Wheat Thins in my mouth right
now, but the memo clearly states that
“we can’t show overconsumption”
You see the “serving size for Wheat
Thins is 16 crackers” So, as delicious
as they are I “shouldn’t eat more than
16 crackers.” (EXPLANATION
FOLLOWING QUOTE)
Colbert Clip
Colbert devoted the entire middle third of The Colbert Report to
making fun of the brand-related memo he'd received from Nabisco
about the various ways in which Wheat Thins should be portrayed.
"Wheat Thins are the perfect snacking sidekick whenever,
wherever and for whatever," Colbert read. "Cheese? Yes!
Hummus? Sure! A discarded strip of truck tire? It can handle it!"
Basil Maglaris, a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company
wanted to portray Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being
part of the conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy Central
are about edgier types of content."
Notice how quotes are integrated in this news
article.
Another Quote Sandwich Example
Lead in:
For instance Dr. Willy Weather, a weather specialist at Standford University, was
quoted saying,
Quote:
"Sandy has claimed more lives than any of us expected, and seems to be continuing
to do so" (72).
Analysis/connection:
In fact, not only has it surpassed their expectations, but it has caused more deaths
than both Hurricane Irene and Katrina.
How should we punctuate in-text
Citations?
Let’s Take A Look
Punctuating Quote
There are at least four ways to integrate quotations.
1. Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.
Example: Colbert ends his piece on Wheat Thins with a warning: “We can’t
show overconsumption.”
This is an easy rule to remember: if you use a complete sentence to
introduce a quotation by the author (in this case Colbert), you need a
colon after the sentence.
According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat Thins are: “The perfect
snacking sidekick whenever, wherever and for whatever.”
Rule: if you use a complete sentence to introduce a
quotation, you need a colon after the sentence.
Colbert - Punctuating Quotes
Punctuating Quote
2.
Use an introductory or explanatory phrase, but not a complete sentence,
separated from the quotation with a comma.
You should use a comma when you introduce a quotation with
a phrase such as “According to XXX”
According to Colbert, the cracker was “the perfect snacking
sidekick.”
Punctuating Quote
You should use a comma to separate your own words from the quotation
when your introductory or explanatory phrase ends with a verb such as :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
says
said
thinks
believes
pondered
recalls
questions
asks
Colbert asks, “Why should I only eat 16 crackers when I
want to eat 17?”
Punctuating Quote
3. Make the quotation a part of your own sentence without any punctuation
between your own words and the words you are quoting.
“that” replaces the comma which would be necessary without
“that” in the sentence.
Colbert argues that “17 crackers are better than 16.”
OR
Colbert argues, “17 crackers are better than 16.”
• All citations should always be
done in MLA format
• The citations should be in
parenthesis (). It should
include the author (if writing
about more than one work) and
the page number. The period
goes after the closing
parenthesis.
Citing a Quote
Brian said, “Stewie type
faster” (87).
NOT
Brian said, “Stewie type
faster.” (87)
Let’s Give It a Try
Group Activity
Task:
• You will receive a packet with parts of a sentence, including quotation marks,
punctuation, a lead in, and a resource.
• Your task:
•
•
•
•
•
Read the tasking sheet, including the complete citation of the quote.
Select and perform roles on assignment sheet.
Work together to put the parts together correctly.
Your group will stand and present the parts in the correct order to class by holding up each
part and standing in order of how the sentence should be documented.
Presenter will explain why you put your sentence in the order and the resources you used to
confirm it.
Resources
•
•
Quotation Handout
Little Seagull Handbook – MLA section
Works Cited Page
• Purpose –to give readers a complete
bibliographical entry for each source used in an
essay. This complete bibliographical entry will allow
the readers to go and find the exact source (s) used
in the paper.
MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format
• There is a direct connection between parenthetical citations and
Works Cited Page entries exists. To find this connection, look at what
piece of information is listed in the parenthetical citation and the same
piece of information in the bibliographical entry on the Works Cited
page.
Example of connection
A direct quote in an essay may appear as follows: “I love English” (Williams
25).
Then, the entry for this source looks like this on the Works Cited page:
Williams, Topeka. English. West Memphis: MSCC Publishing, 2004.
Connection between Parenthetical
citations and Works Cited Page
• Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at
the end of your research paper.
• Label the page Works Cited and center the words
Works Cited at the top of the page.
• Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces
between entries.
• Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations
by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.
MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format
• Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not
capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is
the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of
War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.
• Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name (or, for
entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last
name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name:
Burke, Kenneth
Levy, David M.
Wallace, David Foster
MLA Works Cited Page: Basic
Format
How Do I Document Online Sources?
N.p. = no
publisher
n.d. = no date
Example
How About Documenting the Source?
My source is from the internet– What do I do?
How About Documenting Internet Sources?
My source is from the internet– What do I do?
No
author so
start with
name of
article
“Johnny Depp.” The Internet Movie Database.
IMDb.com, Inc, 2014. Web. 01 Oct. 2014.
http://www.imdb.com/.
Little Seagull Handout – MLA section
Has rules and guidelines to follow
Has sample internal -citations
http://www.citationmachine.n
et/
Citation Machine
Resources
http://www.easybib.com/mla-format/websitecitation
Easy Bib
Resources – Online Citation Generators
http://www.biography.com/#!/people
/winston-churchill-9248164
Resources – Online Citation Generators
MLA Works Cited Page: Basic
Format
• Little Seagull Handout – MLA section
• Has rules and guidelines to follow
• Has a sample Works Cited Page you can use as a model
Resources
Descriptive Essay – Peer
Review of a Sample
Pass out Sample Descriptive Essay
• Born in Italy (1935)
• Took the Advanced Painting course at the Ontario
College of Arts in the years 1961-62
• motivated by the multiplicity of reality as perceived
by different people from different points in space
• Considered a metaphysical surrealist artist
Joseph Cusimano
• affirmed the supremacy of the unconscious over the
conscious
• preferred allegorical composition to the shallow imitation
of nature
• avoid presenting or representing reality
• put the emphasis on invention, creativity and surprise
• presented kaleidoscopic multidimensional images
• tapped into the hallucinatory power of the irrational and
every other possible source of metaphysical energy
• many artists painted illogical scenes with strange
creatures from everyday objects
Surrealism
Yves Tanguy Indefinite
Divisibility 1942, Albright
Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo,
New York
Max Ernst, L'Ange du Foyer ou le
Triomphe du Surréalisme
(1937), private collection.
Artist's Interpretation:
We all wear social masks. The magic
character of this transformation which
allows us to become "something else" often
creates ambiguity and equivocation.
The metamorphosis of appearance cannot
be sustained infinitely even if one is "whatone-would-like-to-be".
It is in surrendering our masks at a point in
the infinite stretch of Time, that we regain
our inner humanity and spirituality (bird)
Joseph Cusimano - Works
Artist's Interpretation:
Tribute to Ground Zero (New York).
The Cypress, symbolizing mortality and eternity, rises
above a green valley (hope) where will be staged the
rites of Spring (regeneration); separating the
material world (solid cubes) from the spiritual one
(open cube), it seems to question the integrity of the
Western civilization
.
The juxtaposition of the objects creates the illusion of
a Crucifixion (suffering), a metaphysical prelude to
Resurrection (salvation - rising Cypress with all his
roots). Everywhere mankind stood horrified,
frightened and angry (hill on the left).
Those who unwillingly gave up their earthly lives in
the midst of contradiction and ambivalences,
vanished into the clouds floating between heaven and
earth; those who escaped (running figures) will
always remember the two airplanes (birds) and the
cruel reality of change, decay and death (stoneskull). In the enigma of time, what has fallen will rise
again.
Joseph Cusimano - Works
Cusimano - Works
Complete Analysis of Peer Review Sample
Objects
Symbolism?
Frame
Rose
Stem and leaves
Boat
Sea
Sky
Mountains
Essay Writer’s Interpretation:
This message can be interpreted
as a happy moment preceding a
sad one.
Is this supported by
objects/colors in painting?
Sample Introduction- Thesis
“A concealed message is a message that can be seen behind a
painting. This message can be interpreted as a happy moment
preceding a sad one….After facing the problems and the bad
moments, man can stand up again on his feet and perceive ideas
that he couldn’t have done before”
Sample - Introduction
THESIS of essay?
The author feels the
message of the painting is a
happy moment preceding a
sad one. The moral he
derives is this: After facing
the problems and the bad
moments, man can stand up
again on his feet and
perceive ideas that he
couldn’t have done before.
Do you see details in
painting that support this
thesis? If so, which ones?
Essay - Analysis
Sense
Identify sentences or phrases where the author
used descriptions for the senses. If missing, write
“missing”
Touch
Taste
Sight (colors,
objects figures)
Sound
Smell
Essay - Analysis
Touch/Feel
Smell
Simile
Sight
Personification
Metaphor
Sample – Sensory Details
Sense
Touch
Identify sentences or phrases where the author used descriptions for the
senses. If missing, write “missing”
Light - warm rays (of light) touch and stroke soft the body skin.
Sea Cold sea water
Taste
?
Sight (colors,
objects figures)
Rose = passionate red,
Leaves and stem - has two leaves and there don’t seem to be any thorns. The
stem and the leaves have a green color
Shape and Material of Painting: Acrylic on canvas, rectangular shape, sides of
frame have same length color of main frame (dark brown) and inside frame (dark
yellow mixed with light brown and highlights of orange)
Sea Calm sea
Mainland consist of iced blue and contours of beige and grey.
Background of Painting - successful exchanging of colors and shadings. At first it
begins with a sky-blue tone and the color becomes progressively lighter until it
ends above the horizontal line as a pale white
Rose - sound from the rose is a small gentle cry - as if somebody tried to root out
its heart
Air – full of spring and blossoming scents
Rose - If somebody could smell its perfume, a special scent will activate every
single nerve in his or her nasal area. The scent would be sweet and pleasing
Sound
Smell
Essay - Analysis
Type of Figurative
Language
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Find examples of the following in the sample essay. If missing,
write “missing”
Essay - Analysis
Personificati
on
“the rose is
bleeding
inside”
Simile
“it seems
like a sad
queen”
Smell
“a special
scent”
Sight
Sample – Sensory Details
Type of Figurative
Language
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Find examples of the following in the sample essay. If missing,
write “missing”
lonely rose seems like a sad queen
The rose is fragile beauty itself.
Flower “has a melancholic look”, “its breath is fast and crying” it
“seems like it wants to protect itself from something” “its feelings are
pessimistic”; rose seems to be harmless and wounded
Boat - doesn’t seem to have any worries or concerns about anything, is
not in a hurry
Essay - Analysis
Sample - Conclusion
Reveal – Where did this Sample
Come From?
Now, Time To Peer Review Your Own Descriptive
Essays
Pass out Peer Review Rubric
Go over Criteria of Peer Review Rubric
Three Types of Comments
- Vague Comments
- General, but Useful Comments
- Specific, Directive Comments
Specific,
Directive
Comment
Most
Effective
Least
Effective
General, but
Useful
Comment
Vague Comment
In order to make effective comments on a peer review, you want to
make SPECIFIC, DIRECTIVE comments.
Source: A Presentation by Erin Trauth, Angela Tartaglia,
Richard Ellman, Melissa Jones, and Andrea Dennin for
the University of South Florida FYC Program
Comments that are full of generalities, providing little or no
specific direction for revision and/or comments that simply
praise or disagree with the writing
Example:
“Try to revise the whole second page” or “I liked it” or “I do not
really like this part”
Think about it: what do comments like this really tell a person
about their paper that will help them REVISE?
Nothing.
Vague Comments:
Source: A Presentation by Erin Trauth, Angela Tartaglia,
Richard Ellman, Melissa Jones, and Andrea Dennin for
the University of South Florida FYC Program
General, but Useful Comments
Comments that are too general but may provide some direction for revision
Example: “I don’t like your introduction. Maybe describe the topic of public
writing better.”
A general, but useful comment is slightly better than a vague comment because
it narrows what works (or does not work) to a specific area of the paper, as
well as offering a specific suggestion. We can take this a step further,
however, by providing a specific, directive comment.
Source: A Presentation by Erin Trauth, Angela Tartaglia,
Richard Ellman, Melissa Jones, and Andrea Dennin for
the University of South Florida FYC Program
A Specific, Directive Comment
Comments that not only point out a specific problem area of the paper, but
also offer the writer a reason why the change is needed and a specific
direction for revision.
Note that this comment tells the writer why
the change is needed
Note that this comment points out a specific spot
for improvement (the introduction) and states what
exactly is wrong with it
Example: “I do not think the introduction fully describes the topic of
public writing in a way all readers will understand, which is necessary if
you are going to fully analyze the topic in the next few paragraphs .
Maybe you could use a quote that really defines public writing from a
source, or you could expand on your first two sentences (which I have
underlined in your paper).”
Source: A Presentation by Erin Trauth, Angela Tartaglia,
Richard Ellman, Melissa Jones, and Andrea Dennin for
the University of South Florida FYC Program
Peer
Peer
Marquis Delaine
Antonio Parkinson
Martin Mejia Piovesan
Julian Scott
Angelol Dorcena
Angie Grunskyte
Nicholas Ronan
Daniel Herrera
Nicole Mackey
Greggory Madaffari
Sanquanita Jones
Erica Harold
Dia Sheema Shelton
Isabel Torres
Ryan Grimes
Devon Unterbrink
Andrew Tyler
Lindsie Landrigan
Jose Mejia Piovesan
Jaime Williams
Donnie Vest
Krystin Watkins
Ke Xu
Daniel Boyd
Alan Zamudio
Peer Assignments
Definition Essay
Definition Essay Explained
• The definition essay explains the meaning of a word or
a concept or a term. The purpose of the definition
essay is to help the reader understand the meaning of
an unfamiliar term or clarify the meaning of an abstract
or vague term.
A Definition Essay
Examples:
A definition essay may try and define . . .
• the meaning of an abstract concept, like love;
• the true meaning and importance of honesty;
• how the meaning of family goes deeper than just your
blood relatives.
A Definition Essay
A definition essay attempts to define a specific term.
• tries to pin down the meaning of a specific word, or define an abstract
concept.
• goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition
Examples in 75 Readings Plus
• “What is Poverty?”
• “The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy is Nothing to Be Jealous Of”
• “The Company Man”
• You will be doing an extended definition essay on
the meaning of the word “courage”, using examples
from your own research on the term, your own life,
and the dictionary.
Assignment
•
•
•
•
Pass out Assignment Sheet
Go over criteria of assignment Sheet
Go over rubric
Pass out sample definition essay
Definition Essay
• Final draft of Essay #2:
Descriptive Essay
Due Next Week