Ch. 9: The Expansion of Trade &
Religion in South and Southeast
Asia – Part 1
Questions
• What was the silk road?
• How and why did Buddhism spread through
South East Asia?
• How and why did Buddhism Transform ?
• Why did Buddhism decline in India?
• When did the Indians become Hindu?
• What led to the growth of Islam in India?
Identifications
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Kanishka
Spread of Buddhism
Gupta Dynasty
Theravada
Mahayana
Hinduism
Puja
•
•
•
•
•
Sikhism
Bodhisattvas
Rajputs
Saladin
Crusades
Kushan Kingdom
(Afghanistan)
150 BCE - 320 CE
Center of Trade
Intermediary between
Rome-China Trade
Silk Road
Figure 9-1 p241
How did Buddhism Spread?
• Kushan Monarch, Kanishka, 2nd C C.E.
– Merchants & Missionaries
– Bamiyan
• Gupta Dynasty
Bamiyan
(modern
Day Kabul,
Afghanistan
p240
p252
Gupta Dynasty,
320 CE
Raja Chandragupta
Capital: Pataliputra
Figure 9-2 p243
“Golden Age” or Classical Period
• Raja
Samudragupta
• Trade regulated
by government
• Private sector of
Jati Guilds
• Barter & Money
System
Figure 9-3 p244
Changes of Buddhism
Pre-Gupta
• Nirvana – abstract
concept
• Siddhartha – Sage
• Classes are equal
Gupta
• Nirvana – vision of heavenly
salvation
• Siddhartha – divinity
• Closer to Nirvana than
others – reinforced class
difference
How did Buddhism Transform?
Theravada
Mahayana
“Teachings of the
Elders
Greater Vehicle”
• a way of life
Salvationist Creed
• Strict adherence to
personal behavior Nirvana - devotion
• Bodhisattva
Bodhisattva for All
Siddhartha Only
Why did Buddhism Decline?
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•
•
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Denial of a soul – counter to traditional beliefs
Rejection of class divisions
Emphasized individual path
Development of Hinduism
– Initially an elitist tradition of the Brahmin class
– Transformed to appeal to the masses
When did Indians become Hindu?
• Muslim Rule 1st Millennium CE
• British Colonial Rule
• Puja
– Populist tradition focused on personal worship
and achievement of individual goals
– Influence of egalitarian nature of Buddhism
– Brahmanism transformed into a religion of the
majority
p243
Mamallapuram Shore Temple
Revival of
Hindu Faith
8 C CE
p246
p246
Dancing Shiva
• 12 CE
• Kingdom of Chola
• Lost Wax Technique
p257
Arrival
of
Islam
Figure 9-4 p248
Kutub Minar,1192, Mosque over a Hindu Temple, Delhi
p249
The Delhi
Sultanate
• 1192 – Muslim rule
at Delhi
• 997 Mahmud
expanded Kingdom
• 1200 – All of
Northern India
• 1320- Tughlug
Dynasty – Deccan
Plateau
p249
Figure 9-5 p250
Samarkand, gem of Empire
• Originated 1 Mill. BCE – Caravan stop along
the Silk Road
• Tamerlane, Mongol Khanate, Capital
• 1398 - 1405
p250
Art & architecture of India
p250
p256
p256
p267
p255