AP Human Geography Week #7
Fall 2015
AP Human Geography 10/19/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the laws of migration.
APHugII-C.3
• Language objective: Write about refugees.
• I. Journal#18 pt.A
-Watch the following:
Fleeing Somalia: refugees from the forgotten war
• II. Journal#18 pt.B
-notes on the laws of migration
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Homework: Read p.97-102
NOTICE: Journals 10-19 Due Thursday Oct 22nd
NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd
NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday Oct 26th
Ernst Ravenstein’s “Laws of migration”
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ern
stGeorgRavenstein.jpg/205px-ErnstGeorgRavenstein.jpg
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1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter
migration.
-Counter streams occur for many factors like economics,
legal, or personal reasons, ex. Jewish people returning to
Israel after Diaspora
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance
-Most migration happens in a step by step pattern
-Intervening opportunities and intervening obstacles can
cause a person’s plansto change
3. Migrants who move longer distance tend to choose big-city
destinations
-Ravenstein lived in the 1800s during Industrial Rev. and
saw this first hand; cities tend to hold pull factor of jobs and
better economic opportunities
4. Urban migrants are less migratory than inhabitants of rural
areas
-True in Ravenstein’s time and in some developing nations,
however the United States has experienced some counterurbanization
5. Families are less likely to make international moves than
young adults
-Easier to move oneself
• Gravity model is an inverse relationship between
volume of migration and distance to the destination.
• Gravity model was anticipated by Ravenstein.
• The physical laws of gravity first studied by Newton
can be applied to the actions of humans in terms of
migration and economics
• Spatial interaction such as migration is directly related
to the populations and inversely related to the distance
between them.
• International refugees cross one or more borders and
are encamped in a country not their own.
• Intranational refugees abandon their homes, but not
their countries-this is the largest number world wide.
The Refugee Problem
• UN definition-person who
migrates out of fear of
being persecuted for
reasons of race, religion,
nationality, social status or
political opinion.
• Difficult to get an accurate
count-governments
manipulate the numbers.
• Internal (intranational)
refugees a bigger issue than
external (international).
Characteristics of Refugees
• Move with only what
they can carry or easily
transport.
• Most move first on foot,
bicycle, wagon or open
boat-very low tech.
transport.
• Most have no official
documentation such as
passports, identification
or other official papers.
Where are Refugees
Refugees
Regions of Dislocation-Africa
• Endemic African
Problems:
• Weak and corrupt
governments.
• Lack of national cohesion.
• Lack of a democratic
tradition
• Historic ethnic conflicts
• Excessive number of
weapons left over from
the Cold War.
• Sub-Saharan Africa-over
8 million official
international refugees-the
largest # in the world.
• Collapse of order in
Somalia
• Civil Wars in Liberia and
Sierra Leone
• Sudan’s civil war
• Rwanda massacres and
economic disaster.
• Refugees from
Uganda’s civil war that
began in the 1980s
• Death toll 100,000 with
1 ½ million refugees
The Sudan –Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has
generated thousands of refugees. In eastern Chad, the
Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000 refugees
from the Darfur province, including the women in this
photo.
Regions of Dislocation
• South West &
Central Asia:
• South and South
East Asia:
• Kurds in Iraq, Turkey and • Civil War in Sri LankaSyria displaced during
Tamils versus Sinahlese
Gulf Wars.
• Vietnam and Cambodia
• Palestinians displaced by
after the Vietnam War
several wars with Israel.
• Myanmar (Burma)
• Afghanistan-many
military rule has driven
refugees during the long
many to exile.
Soviet occupation, Taliban
regime and war.
Major Modern Migrations
• Europe to North America & South America
• Africa to the Americas (Slave Trade)
• UK to Australia, New Zealand
• India to East Africa, SE Asia
• China to SE Asia
• Eastern US to Western US
• Western Russia to Eastern Russia
By the numbers
• Europe-Before 1830s about 2.75 million left-1835-1935 75 million
left for New World, (most from England & Germany) Australia, New
Zealand and South Africa.
• Africa-slave trade began in 16th cent. With Caribbean sugar plantation
workers Early 17th cent. North America to work on cotton plantations
– Most were from West Africa-Liberia to Nigeria and from coastal margins
of Sahara.
– Most 10 million out of 12 million went to Brazil and Caribbean for sugar
plantations
– East Africa slave trade also active Arab slave traders on Zanzibar along
the Horn
• India-British brought many Indians to South Africa and East Africa as
well as Caribbean-(Trinidad, Guyana) as indentured servants.
• China-SE Asia-tended to migrate to urban areas and engaged in trade
-76% of Singapore 32% of Malaysia 14% of Thailand
-3% of Indonesia (but it is 200 million)
From 12 to 30 million Africans were forced from
their homelands in the 18th century. It took
generations to restore the population balance.
Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the east
Homework Tonight
• Read p.97-102
• Continue working on
Chapter#3 Review.
• Study for U.S. Map
Test
AP Human Geography 10/20/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine various migrations in U.S. History.
APHugII-C.3
• Language objective: Write about U.S. migration.
• I. Journal#19 pt.A
-Watch the following:
Chinese Immigration
• II. Quiz#11
• III. Journal#19 pt.B
-notes on the laws of migration
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Homework: Read p.102-108
NOTICE: Journals#10-19 Due Thursday Oct 22nd
NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd
NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday Oct 26th
Historic US Migration
• Westward to the frontier.
• Black migration to
northern cities in WWI
and WWII period.
• 1950s, 60s Cubans to
Florida from Castro’s
Cuba.
• In recent decades the
migration from the Rust
belt to the Sunbelt took
place.
• Some blacks returned to
the South.
Waves of Immigration-US 1820-2001
Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull
factors create waves of immigration.
U.S. Immigration Patterns
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Immigration to the US from 1820-2001
1870 US Population was 40 million.
72% lived in small towns or on farms.
1900-1915 at least 15 million
immigrants-mostly Eastern Europeans
& Southern Europeans flooded into the
US.
• These new immigrants were different in
religion & darker in complexion than
previous immigrants.
• By 1920, over half of the U.S.
population lived in cities.
Migration to the US by region of origin.
• Europeans made up 90% during the 19th cent.
And as late as 1960 made up 50%. South Asia was
the largest source for a brief time in the 1980s.
• Latin America is now the main source.
• Of European immigration-fueled by rapid
population growth.
• Germany sent the largest # with 7.1 million.
– Italy 5.4 m.
– UK 5.2 m
– Ireland 4.8 m
– Russia & former USSR 3.5 million
Guest Workers
http://cdn1.spiegel.de/images/image-467110-thumbflex-bvdl.jpg
• Guest workers – migrants whom
a country allows in to fill a labor
need, assuming the workers will
go “home” once the labor need
subsides.
- have short term work visas
- send remittances to home
country
- France-many from Algeria
- Germany-many from
Turkey, Eastern
Europe
Fun Facts
• Only recently has Germany allowed the
Turks-now 2nd or 3rd generation-to become
German citizens
• Nigeria kicked out its guest workers
• Indonesia pulled out its many citizens in the
Middle East before the 2003 Iraq War
Homework Tonight
• Read p.102-108
• Continue work on Ch#3
Review.
• Study for U.S. Map
Test
AP Human Geography 10/21/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the concept of genocide. APHugIIC.4
• Language objective: Write about genocide.
• I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance & directions
-Return of Ch#2 Test
• II. Practice U.S. Map Test
-practice map test
• III. Film: Hotel Rwanda Day#1
-questions on film about genocide
• Homework: Study for U.S. map test & Ch#3 Test
• NOTICE: Journals#10-19 Due TOMORROW!
• NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd
• NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday October 26th
Homework Tonight
• Study for U.S. Map Test.
• Complete Ch#3 Review.
AP Human Geography 10/22/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the concept of genocide.
APHugII-C.4
• Language objective: Write about genocide.
• I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
• II. Journals#10-19 Due
• III. Film: Hotel Rwanda Day#2
-questions on film about genocide
• Homework: Study for U.S. map test & Ch#3 Test
• NOTICE: U.S. Map Test TOMORROW!
• NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday October 26th
AP Human Geography 10/23/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate mastery of the United
States and continue examination of genocide.
APHugII-C.4
• Language objective: Write about genocide.
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I. U.S. Map Test
II. Quiz#12
III. Complete Film: Hotel Rwanda
IV. FRQ Day#6
-FRQ#2 2008 Answer
• NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test MONDAY!
Homework Tonight
• Study for Ch#3 Test.