Unit 3
Cornell A
What foreign policies did various
Presidents establish to support
American Expansion and
Influence?
US Foreign Policies – Imperialism
1890-1920
I. Pres. McKinley & Secretary of
State John M. Hay:
The OPEN DOOR Notes
(Policy)--1899
Interactive Notes Q&A’s
pg. 356 “Foreign Influence in China”
1. Why did Hay declare the
“open door” policy? Who did
he write the letters to? (List
the countries)
US Foreign Policies – Imperialism
1890-1920
Interactive Notes:
2. What is Uncle Sam doing in
this cartoon, as it relates to
Hay’s Open Door Policy ?
3. What is he offering China?
4. How does the Cartoonist
illustrate the European
nations?
I. Pres. McKinley & Secretary of State
John M. Hay:
The OPEN DOOR Notes (Policy)
Open Door Notes:
A. Background
US wants in on CHINA
trade to sell US goods
to CHINESE – but….
Others have EXCLUSIVE
TRADE rights there
(Others???)
US wants to protect
BUSINESS interests
and get ACCESS to
Chinese ports
I. Pres. McKinley & Secretary of State
John M. Hay:
The OPEN DOOR Notes (Policy)
Hay gets Europeans to do the following:
1. Elimination of special trading
PRIVILIGES in China
2. Maintain Chinese INDEPENDENCE (no
colonization of China)
3. Open access to Chinese PORTS for
trade
B. Open Door Policy Applied WORLDWIDE (not just China)
Reflects 3 fundamental
beliefs:
1. Growth of US
economy depends on
EXPORTS
Open Door Policy
“Intervention” =
Reflects 3 fundamental beliefs:
2. US has the right to
INTERVENE to keep
foreign MARKETS open !
Open Door Policy
Reflects 3 fundamental
beliefs:
3. Closure of any area to
US trade would threaten
economic SURVIVAL of
U.S.
II. Theodore Roosevelt
A. To become a world
power the US must
build the PANAMA
CANAL—1904-1914
II.
B. Theodore Roosevelt
Story of Panama canal:
COLUMBIA refused TR’s
offer to LEASE the land to
build on,
TR encourages and supports
a REVOLUTION in
Panama
the new Panamanian
GOVERNMENT signs
TR’s lease
II. Theodore Roosevelt
B. Roosevelt
COROLLARY -1904
1. aka “Big STICK
Policy”—threat of
MILITARY FORCE
2. No European nations
in the WESTERN
HEMISPHERE
(M________ Doctrine)
II.
B. Theodore Roosevelt
3. US may prevent disorder in
Latin America and will
exercise “international
POLICE power”
-- this extends the MONROE
DOCTRINE
III. Pres. Howard Taft
DOLLAR Diplomacy
Taft wanted to increase
INFLUENCE/POWER
over LATIN AMERICAN
countries
through more business
INVESTMENT
LOANS/investments
made by American
businesses would
GAURANTEED by US
Govt.
Taft on Dollar Diplomacy
Interactive Notes:
5. What is the key phrase in Taft’s speech as it is
related to Dollar Diplomacy?
“The diplomacy of the present administration has
sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial
(profitable) intercourse (interaction) . This policy has
been characterized as substituting dollars for
bullets… It is an effort frankly directed to the
increase of American trade upon the axiomatic (selfevident) principle that the government of the United
States shall extend all proper support to every
legitimate and beneficial American enterprise
(business) abroad.” – President Taft
Interactive Notes Q&A’s
6. Do you think the US should ever intervene in
a foreign country, if it’s leader becomes an
unfriendly, murderous dictator ? Why or
why not ?
Wilson said “yes”
“Missionary or Moral Diplomacy”
IV. MISSIONARY / MORAL
Diplomacy--Pres. Woodrow Wilson
• Wilson said US had
a “MORAL
responsibility” to
refuse
RECOGNITION to
any govt. that is not
DEMOCRATIC, and
is OPPRESSIVE
IV. Wilson’s Missionary/Moral
Diplomacy
• Example: When a
Mexican army general,
Huerta, overthrew the
Mexican government
and murdered the
president, Wilson
refused to recognize
this dictator’s new
government.
IV. Wilson’s Missionary/Moral
Diplomacy
• Later, Wilson sent US
troops into Mexico to
chase after the rebel
leader, “Poncho”
VILLA.
IV. Wilson’s Missionary/Moral
Diplomacy
• This policy set a new
precedent for American
Foreign Policy –>
the US would INTERVENE
whenever a Latin American
government did not
BEHAVE in a manner that
Americans believed to be
“MORAL” or democratic
US Expansion & Interventions by
1906