"When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the
world will know peace"
- Jimi Hendrix
“Life may not be the party we hoped for,
but while we are here we might as well
dance….”
-Unknown
The Industrial Revolution
Britain Before Industrial Revolution
•People relied on farming
•Families were small because of
high death rates
•1 in 3 babies died in the first year
of life
•Only 1 in 2 people lived to be 21
•Life expectancy was 40 years old
•Most people lived in small country
villages and never left this village
•Everyone in household worked
hard on the land
The Domestic System
Agricultural Revolution and
Enclosure Movement
Why Britain?
The right type of natural resources
iron
coal
good soil
fast moving rivers
natural harbors
Products exported back to colonial consumers
Belgium, Germany, France had similar conditions
and soon followed Britain
Workforce
• Britain had large number of skilled
workers familiar with use of metal
tools
• Contributed to the development of
machines
• Enclosure Movement forced many
farm workers to cities to look for work
The Factory System
This was a system of
manufacturing introduced by
the Industrial Revolution in the
18th and 19th centuries.
Goods were made by workers
gathered in a factory rather
than handcrafted by craftsmen
in their homes.
The Factory System
 Rigid schedule.
 12-14 hour day.
 Dangerous conditions.
 Mind-numbing monotony.
Britain After Industrial Revolution
Growing Textile Industries
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The domestic system could not meet the
demand for textiles so cotton makers
looked for new ways to expand
production. A series of technological
advances revolutionized cloth production.
“One invention leads to the
next.“
Inventions and
Inventors
Jethro Tull
Robert Bakewell
John Kay - Flying Shuttle
A weaver using Kay's flying shuttle could
produce much wider cloth at faster speeds
than before. 2 – 3 times more material
could be produced in the same amount of
time.
In 1753 Kay's house in Bury was
ransacked by a mob of textile workers who
feared that his machines would destroy
their livelihood. Deeply depressed about
these events, John Kay left England for
France where he is believed to have died a
pauper in about 1780.
James Hargreaves – Spinning
Jenny
A more efficient spinning
machine. Kay’s machine
produced material faster but now
more yarn was needed to keep up
with the new ability to produce
material at fast speeds.
Hargreaves invented a machine
that would do this. With the
spinning jenny more thread could
be made to make material.
Richard Arkwright – Water Frame
This invention allowed
thread to be made even
quicker than
Hargreaves invention.
Better machines were
invented to keep up with
the demand for cloth.
Arkwright came up with
the idea to use the
Water Wheel to power
his machines. This is
when factories started
to be built, at first along
waterways.
Samuel Crompton – Spinning Mule
A machine invented by
Samuel Crompton 1779
which had an extended
carriage and which extends
and twists the yarn on its
outward run, winding it onto
spindles on its return.
It produced a stronger thread.
Crompton combined the best
features of the spinning jenny
and the water frame.
Edmund Cartwright – Power Loom
A machine that improved the speed and quality
of weaving. Employing a blacksmith and a
carpenter to help him, Cartwright managed to
produce what he called a power loom. It made
the act of producing cloth faster to keep up
with demand and the vast amount of yarn
being produced.
Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin
He invented a machine that
cleaned the seeds from cotton
50 times faster than by hand.
Whitney also came up with the idea of
interchangable parts, this increased factory
production.
James Watt and Matthew Boulton
Robert Fulton
John McAdam
George Stephenson
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Marconi
Samuel Morse
Mass Production
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Looking to increase profits, manufacturers
invested in machines to replace more
costly human labor.
Machines enabled industrialists to massproduce or make huge quantities of
identical goods.
Henry Ford
Rudolf Diesel
Social Effects of the Industrial
Revolution
Western Europe and the U.S.
Rapid changes made in “western” regions affected
the economy and everyday life
Movement of workers from rural areas to cites in search of
work due to Agricultural Revolution (loss of job) or desire
of change
Rise of wages caused factory work to be “man’s
work”
When factories became more efficient they required fewer
workers (women and children no longer needed)
But children still used in agriculture and mining
Western Europe and the U.S.
Wages rising brings about a new social class
Middle class
Group lies between rich and poor
Always existed but grew exponentially as Ind Rev
grew
Traditional family structure emerges
Women expected to marry and stay home raising
children
Urban families had fewer children that farm families
Single women entered employment as teachers
Western Europe and the U.S.
Closer to 20th century women began to
enter the business world as secretaries
and telephone operators
Women allowed to vote only after WWI
(1918)
Fewer children required in factories as
laborers caused gov’ts in the “west” to
establish compulsory education laws
Western Europe and the U.S.
• Cities developed and grew bigger than
ever in history
Mass migration to cities caused deplorable
conditions
Overcrowded housing
Pollution
High crime rates
• These conditions lead to sweeping
changes in gov’t policies
Western Europe and the U.S.
Art and literature changed as well
Left the Romantic era of art and shifted to
Realism
Invention of the camera
Development of artistic style of Impressionism
Deliberately unfocused scenes of nature
Charles Dickens
Oliver Twist
David Copperfield
A Christmas Carol
The “Second Industrial
Revolution”
From Steam to Gas
• 2nd half of 19th century pace of
advancement sped up
• Focus now on gas or diesel engine rather
than steam
• More inventions related to electrical
systems, scientific discoveries and
medicine
• All inventions could be applied to warfare
Communication
Invention of the telegraph in 1840s
telegraph cable laid under Atlantic from
Britain to North America late 1850s
By 1870s across the Pacific
1902 entire British Empire connected
Telephone in 1876
Popular because it required no special
training and was right there in the home
Radio developing
Transportation
Steam boat and steam train
Electric trolley car
Subway systems
Automobile invented in GERMANY in 1880s
Mostly experimental device
Science and Medicine
Government oversight of programs to
provide citizens with healthier lives
Clean drinking water
Advances in medicine
Smallpox and rabies vaccinations
Sterilization of surgical instruments
Use of anesthetics during surgery
Aspirin
Science and Medicine
Science and Faith cross
Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Humans and apes have similar characteristics
Begun furious debates about the nature of
humanity
Survival of the fittest in the animal kingdom
transferred to human civilization
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Wherein the superior races must naturally defeat
inferior ones
Wright Brothers
Outer Banks, North Carolina
Kill Devils Hill, NC
Wright Brothers Memorial
Wild Horses on Corolla
Cape Hatteras
I love summer!
Inventions
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Think of the point of inventions over
time…
Goal: Make life easier
Goal: Make someone a lot of money
Watch clip of “Shark Tank” on ABC
Inventions Activity
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Individually or small groups (4 or less)
Brainstorm an idea or concept (maybe
even an app) that you think is a legitimate
product or service
Don’t steal one that already exists
Inventions Activity
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You will be pitching your idea to the class
much like the participants of Shark Tank.
Think about what the objectives of your
product, how it could work, and who your
market will be.
Group Activity
“The Paper Airplane Challenge”
http://www.10paperairplanes.com/how-tomake-paper-airplanes
Paper Airplane Challenge
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I will divide up class into groups and give
further directions.
There should be one airplane produced for
each group member.
Decorate it with your name and maybe a
cool logo.
We will finish the competition with a flight
contest. Prize to be announced.
What did we learn about mass
production?
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Faster, more efficient
Better quality?
Higher quantity when we specialize in one
aspect of production.
Any other thoughts?