Following the 1964 SGAC report
Senator Maurine
Neuberger proposes bill
granting FTC authority to
regulate cigarette advertising
and labeling.
The FTC begins
rulemaking to require health
warning on cigarette packs and
in advertising.
American Medical Association
The American Medical Association accepts a $10 million grant for tobacco
research from six cigarette companies.
The AMA shelves its previous plans to issue a report on smoking's relationship
to cancer instead they suggest ,
"More than 90 million persons in the United States use tobacco in some form,
and, of these 72 million use cigarets... the economic lives of tobacco growers, processors,
and merchants are entwined in the industry; and local, state, and the federal
governments are recipients of and dependent upon many millions of dollars of tax
revenue.“
In 1965 the U.S. Public Heath Service establishes
National Clearing house for Smoking and Health
Warning Labels: Cigarette Smoking May Be
Hazardous to Your Health
In 1966 Congress requires Health Warnings on Cigarette
packs.
Needed picture of
first warning label
1967 The Surgeon General’s second Report:
By William H. Stewart
FTC’s evaluation of warning Labels
FTC’s evaluation of advertising
Why Television Advertisements were banned:
The Fairness Doctrine
In late 1966 John Banzaf inquired to see if a local television station,
WCBS-TV, would provide air time for announcements against
smoking. The station being sponsored by tobacco refused. Banzhaf
filed a complaint, stating the FCC's fairness doctrine required
broadcasters to provide free air time to opposing views of matters of
public controversy .
On June 2, 1967, the FCC announced its decision that the fairness
doctrine applied to the request for anti-smoking announcements. The
FCC stated that the public should hear an anti-smoking
viewpoint. However, the FCC required only the ratio of one antismoking message for each four cigarette advertisements (not the oneto-one ratio suggested by Banzhaf).
Various governmental and voluntary health organizations made
extremely creative spots and provided them to stations. In response,
tobacco companies offered to self regulate and stop all advertising on
television. Tobacco ads ceased to appear on television at the end of
1970.
John Banzaf went on to establish Action on Smoking an Health
Warning Labels: Adds Surgeon General Title
“Warning the Surgeon General has Determined that
Cigarette Smoking is Dangerous to your Health.”
Great American Smoke Out
Nov 16th 1977 The American Cancer Society held its first Smokeout in San
Francisco's Union Square. The event challenges people to stop smoking
cigarettes for 24 hours, hoping their decision not to smoke will last forever.
TWA Goes Smokefree
1977 Doctors Ought to Care (DOC)
Drs. Alan Blum and Rick Richards founded Doctors Ought
to Care and begin the first paid marketing campaign against
the tobacco industry.
Doc had chapters of activist all over the nation. They
tried to shift the focus off of individual smokers and
onto the tobacco industry.
The Doc would make house calls to tobacco sponsored
events like the Virginia Slims Tennis Tournament.
Joseph Califano
In a 1979 report Health Education and Welfare Secretary
Joseph Califano announces a “vigorous” anti-smoking
campaign on the 14th anniversary of the first Surgeon
General’s report.
Surgeon General Julius Richmond
The Health Consequences of Smoking
In the 1980 Surgeon General Report stated,
“The is no such thing as a safe cigarette.”
FAMRI
Flight attendants’ testimony helps end
smoking on commercial flights.
In 1981 the Federal Trade Commission concludes that health warning
labels have had little effect on public knowledge and attitudes about
smoking.
Program Analyst of
the FTC Matt Meyers
considered tobacco
advertising to be
more detrimental
Passive Smoking
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
The Hirayama Study
Takeshi Hirayama, an epidemiology at the Tokyo's
National Cancer Center, follows 92,000 nonsmoking wives of
smoking husbands for fourteen years to learn there risk of
contracting lung cancer greatly increase.
Cipollone
In 1983 Rose Cipollone filed a law suit against Philip
Morris, the Liggett Group and Lorillard, one year later she
died.
Warning Label: Rotation
The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act was
amended to require that one of the four warning labels listed below
appears in a specific format on cigarette packages and in most
related advertising.
• SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Smoking Causes Lung Cancer,
Heart Disease, Emphysema, And May Complicate Pregnancy.
• SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Quitting Smoking Now Greatly
Reduces Serious Risks to Your Health.
• SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Smoking By Pregnant Women
May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature Birth, and Low Birth Weight.
• SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Cigarette Smoke Contains Carbon
Monoxide.
Surgeon General Everett Koop's 1986 report,
The health consequences of involuntary smoking
“Second-hand smoke is not just as an annoyance but as a
quantifiable health risk.
It was estimated that passive smoking contributed to
50,000 deaths a year in the U.S.”
The next year Congress banned smoking on all domestic
flights under two hours and extended it to all domestic flights
two years later.
1988, The Reason For Continued Smoking
Is Redefined
Clean Indoor Air Act
Enacted in 1989 in New York State and amended in 2003,
this law currently prohibits smoking of tobacco nearly all public and
work places.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992
concluded ETS caused Lung Cancer
Whistle Blowers
Victor J. DeNoble
Philip Morris Scientist
Ex-Philip Morris scientist Victor J. DeNoble testifies on his
research into nicotine and addiction in rats; claims PM
suppressed his findings.
Joseph Bumgarner
RJ Reynolds Scientist.
“they started out with the best of intentions…and then
something scared them.”
Jeffrey Wigand
Brown and Williamson Scientist
New York Times released a front-page article concerning
"secret" Brown & Williamson tobacco papers, which Stanton .
Glantz at UCSF receives from "Mr. Butts.”
Mississippi Attorney General Mike Moore was
the first Attorney General to commence litigation.
Other states and insurance companies joined
the class-action suits to recover medical costs of
tobacco-caused disease.
Waxman Committee 1994
Exhibit 6195
A New York State Judge places The TOBACCO
INSTITUTE and the COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESEARCH
under temporary receivership, in response to a state suit
charging the organizations abused their tax-exempt
status under New York law, where they were
incorporated, by acting as tobacco -funded "fronts" that
serve "as propaganda arms of the industry."
Master Settlement Agreement
November 1998
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) a court case between
the four largest US tobacco Companies and the attorney general of 46 states.
The states settled their Medicaid lawsuits against the tobacco industry; the
companies agreed to curtail certain tobacco marketing practices. as well as to pay, in
perpetuity, various annual payments of a minimum of $206 billion over the first
twenty-five years of the agreement.
Tobacco Industry Documents are released
1997-12-18: Rep. Tom Bliley (R-VA) posts 843
sensitive Liggett documents on House
Commerce Committee website.
1998-01-14: LITIGATION: MANGINI Documents
Released. RJR documents that appear to
discuss targeting youths as young as 14 create
a furor.
1998-04-22: 39,000 super-secret documents
are posted on the House Commerce
committee web site
Taking Down Joe Camel
Joe Camel Ads violates federal law
MSA MONEY
Legacy Tobacco Documents Library
Internal documents from the major US tobacco industry
companies and organizations comprise the bulk of the Legacy
Tobacco Documents Library. These documents were made
available through litigation brought by the National
Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) that resulted in the
Master Settlement Agreement (1998)
Tobacco Free Kids
In 1996, Mr. Matt Myers helped to found the Campaign for Tobacco-Free
Kids
Smokefree Housing Quitlines
By 1999, it appeared both that the tobacco
industry had lied to the American people
about the risks of smoking, and that it would
not effectively be punished for its lies.
The lawsuit United States v. Philip Morris,
et. al., commenced on September 21, 2004.
In 2006 U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler ruled in favor of
the federal government in its massive RICO case against the
tobacco companies alleging that they engaged in misleading
conduct for decades as part of a broad conspiracy.
FDA Regulates Tobacco Products
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control
Act, United States federal law that gives the FDA the power to
regulate the tobacco industry.
A signature element of the law imposes new warnings
and labels on tobacco packaging and their advertisements, the
act gives the FDA authority to regulate new tobacco products.
Warning Labels: Graphic
References
Books
• Gene Borio tobacco timeline
• Richard Kluger’s Ashes to Ashes
• Tobacco Encyclopedia
Interviews by
• Dr. Cummings
• Dr. Blum
• Eric Solberg
• Victor Denoble/ addiction incorporated video excerpts.
Videos
• Tobacco Wars
• Tobacco Conspiracy
• Tobacco Institute Video Collection
Documents
• legacy
• tobaccodocuments.org