AP Euro Unit 4 Study Guide Name:
1.
How did Immanuel Kant define the Enlightenment?
2.
How was secularization seen in European intellectual life?
3.
Describe the works of Fontonelle.
4.
A major inspiration for travel literature in the eighteenth century were the Pacific Ocean adventures of ________.
5.
Denying Descartes' belief in innate ideas, ______________ argued that every person was born with a blank slate.
6.
Describe the French philosophes in general.
7.
How did Isaac Newton and John Locke provide inspiration for the Enlightenment?
8.
From which social class did the philosophes come?
9.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that what was the best political system in a modern society?
10.
The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was ____________.
11.
A key new type of enlightened writing fueling skepticism about the "truths" of Christianity and European society was __________________________.
12.
The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was _________________________.
13.
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of __________________________________.
14.
What is deism?
15.
What led to the creation of the idea of the social sciences?
16.
For what is Diderot most known?
17.
What were the beliefs of Adam Smith?
18.
What did Rousseau mean by the “general will”?
19.
For Rousseau, what was the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes?
20.
Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with which key Enlightenment themes?
21.
What was a salon?
22.
The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by
____________.
23.
Describe the Rococo style and its most famous artists and architects.
24.
For what is Johann Sebastian Bach known?
25.
Who were the most famous musicians/composers of the late eighteenth century (classical)?
26.
For what is Mozart known?
27.
Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used __________________, a new form of literary expression, to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers.
28.
The English writer who argued in A Serious Proposal to the Ladies that women should become better educated was ______________________________________.
29.
The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized was ___________.
30.
The growth of reading and publishing in the 18 th century was aided and characterized by the development of
________________________.
31.
The eighteenth century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is
________________________________.
32.
For what is Beccaria known?
33.
How did the European legal system change by the end of the 18 th century?
34.
Define pogrom.
35.
Describe life for Jews in the 18 th century.
36.
The religious denomination founded by John Wesley in England to provide a more emotionally fulfilling religious alternative to the Church of England was _________________________________.
37.
How did the Enlightenment actually affect politics from 1715 to 1789?

38.
What replaced the idea of Divine Right?
39.
What happened in French politics in the 18 th century?
40.
Louis XV's most famous mistress was __________________________________.
41.
In the 1700s, how were members of the British parliament chosen?
42.
What is a pocket borough?
43.
What happened in Dutch economics during the 18 th century?
44.
What group dominated Prussian society and military in the 1700s?
45.
Describe the reign of Frederick William I.
46.
Under Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to
______________________.
47.
Describe Austria under the rule of Joseph II.
48.
How successful were the enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction?
49.
How did Catherine the Great expand Russia?
50.
Describe Pugachev’s rebellion including why it happened.
51.
Which countries participated in the partition of Poland?
52.
In what way did the partition of Poland support the need for absolutism?
53.
What is meant by “balance of power”?
54.
The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked the Habsburg province of ____________.
55.
The Diplomatic Revolution resulted when Maria Theresa of Austria refused to recognize the loss of __________.
56.
Which war do some historians regard as the first world war?
57.
What was the result of the French and Indian War for France?
58.
What was a key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century?
59.
What factors contributed to the growth of population in the second half of the eighteenth century?
60.
What were persistent trends in the upper-class eighteenth-century European family?
61.
Know trends in society during the 1700s.
62.
In what ways were new attitudes toward children seen in the 1700s?
63.
Which non-native, imported product allowed Irish peasants to survive on the small plots of land left to them by
English landlords?
64.
The domestic system of industrial production in Flanders and England became known as the ________________.
65.
A key financial innovation of the eighteenth century was ________________________.
66.
Describe trade and commerce in the 1700s.
67.
Describe life of the peasantry.
68.
What were the special legal privileges of the European nobility?
69.
What was a Grand Tour?
70.
Describe 18 th century cities.