Answers on a separate sheet:
Wednesday
1. What kind of molecule is water?
2. Draw a water molecule (include
the elements and charges).
3. List 2 properties of water with
an example.
Organic Molecules
Contain carbon (usually bonded to
another carbon)
Small organic molecules (monomers)
join together to form large organic
molecules (polymers)
There are 4 classes of organic
polymers (macromolecules):
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids
Polymers are
created by
dehydration
synthesis (the
removal of water)
Polymers are
broken down by
hydrolysis (the
addition of water)
Carbohydrates
 Molecules composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
 Store large amounts of energy that can
be used quickly
1. Simple Carbohydrates (sugars)
 Monosaccharides are made of only
one sugar monomer (ex. Glucose)
 Disaccharides are made of two sugar
monomers (ex. Sucrose)
Carbohydrates
2. Complex Carbohydrates
(polysaccharides)
 Starch - used as energy storage
in plants
 Glycogen - used as energy
storage in animals
Carbohydrates
 Cellulose (a.k.a. fiber) –
structural molecule in plants;
cannot be digested by animals
 Chitin - structural molecule in
fungi and arthropods
Proteins
composed of
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and
nitrogen
are made of long
chains of amino
acids held
together by
peptide bonds
Proteins
Structural Proteins
collagen (found in cartilage &
tendons)
keratin (found in hair & nails)
actin & myosin (found in muscles)
Proteins
Functional Proteins
hemoglobin (carries oxygen in red
blood cells)
antibodies(fight foreign invaders in
the immune system)
enzymes (biological catalysts)
Enzymes
 speed up reactions
by reducing
activation energy
(EA)
 are VERY specific
 are NOT used up
during a reaction
 their shape
determines their
function
Enzymes
2
How Enzymes Work
1. enzymes have a pocket on
their surface called an
active site
2. the molecule(s) that fits 1
into the active site is/are
called the substrate(s)
3. the reaction takes place at
the active site
4. the products of the reaction
are released
3
4
Right Now
1. Turn in Enzyme Lab
2.Take out review/warm
up answer sheet
Answer on your paper:
Thursday
1. List the 4 elements that make up 96%
of living things.
2. What are small organic subunits called?
Large ones?
3. Why do we eat carbohydrates? Give an
example of a monosaccharide and a
polysaccharide.
4. List 2 proteins and their function.
What Affects Enzyme Activity?
1. Temperature
p.7
 decrease in temp. will decrease reaction
rate
 enzyme will lose shape (denature) after
being exposed to extremely high heat
2. pH
 extreme pH can decrease reaction rate or
denature the enzyme
3. Concentration
 increased substrate or enzyme
concentration will increase reaction rate
p. 2
The water molecule separates into
two different ions:
H2O  H+ + OH(H+)hydrogen ions and (OH-)
hydroxide ions
Strong acid
the pH scale measures
the amount of H+
Acids (pH 0 – 6.9)
Taste sour
Feel like water
Bases (pH 7.1 – 14)
Taste bitter
Feel slippery
Strong base
Right Now
1. Turn in Buffer Lab
2. Vocabulary QUIZ
p. 8
Lipids
Are insoluble in water
Contain many C-H bonds and very
little oxygen
Examples:
Steroids
Cholesterol,
chlorophyll, sex hormones
Lipids
Phospholipids
Make up cell membranes
Fats
Composed of a glycerol and 3 fatty
acid chains
Function in energy storage,
insulation, and cushioning
2 Types of Fats
1. Saturated fats
 Are solids at room
temperature
 Ex. butter, lard
2. Unsaturated fats
 Are liquids at room
temperature
 Ex. oils
Answer on same sheet:
Monday
1. If something has a pH of 2 is it
an acid or base? Would it be
strong or weak?
2. What is the name of the
substance that fits into the
active site of an enzyme?
p.9
Nucleic Acids
Store information in the form of a
code
Are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
Made of long chains of nucleotides
Examples:
1.DNA – contains instructions
2.RNA – synthesizes proteins
Answers on separate sheet:
Tuesday
1. What is the mass number if an
atom has 6 protons and 6
neutrons?
2. What charge would a sodium atom
have with 11 protons and 10
electrons?
3. What is the solvent in an aqueous
solution?