I. Animal Cell Structure
A. The cell is the basic unit in
the body
1. Consists of a plasma membrane,
cytosol, and organelles
B. Plasma membrane
1. The plasma membrane surrounds
cells and separates from the external
environment
2. Composed mostly of a phospholipid
bilayer, proteins, with cholesterol
a. Proteins are either integral or
peripheral
1. Integral proteins are
glycoproteins that extend
through the bilayer
2. Peripheral proteins are
loosely attached to the
interior or the exterior of the
membrane
3. Considered to be fluid mosaic model
with proteins like an iceberg in the
ocean
C. Cytosol
1. Cytoplasm is the substance inside
cell between membrane an nucleus
2. Consists mostly of water with
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
inorganics
D. Organelles
1. Specialized structure with certain
appearances
2. Nucleus- usually largest, in all but
red blood cells, control activities, and
house genetic info
a. Consists of a membrane,
nucleolus, and DNA
3. Ribosomes- spheres of RNA that
make protein
4. Endoplasmic reticulum- membrane
network through cell that transport and
synthesizes molecules, detoxifies, and
release
a. can be rough or smooth
5. Golgi Apparatus- flat sacs that
process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids
6. Lysosomes- spherical vessicles with
digestive enzymes; a lot in white blood
cells
7. Mitochondria- many layered
organelles used to perform respiration
a. Folds or cristae provide
surface to make ATP
8. Cytoskeleton- microfilaments
and microtubules give support
9. Flagella and cillia- several
proteins linked in a tube-like
projection for movement
10. Centrioles- paired cylinders
used for pulling chromosomes
during division