APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1
(covers Chapter 1)
Mrs. Kray
Some slides taken from Susan Pojer at historyteacher.net
• Land Bridge –
40,000 yrs ago
• Debate over
Native American
Population
–By 1490s:
50 to 75 mil.
–N. America:
1 to 10 mil.
• Where the great
majority of Native
Americans lived
• Developed highly
organized societies
– Yucatan – Mayans
– Central Mexico –
Aztecs
– Peru – Incas
• Most Common
• Settlements semipermanent
• Pop: seldom above
300
• Examples: Sioux and
Pawnee
• Southwest (NM)
– Pueblos
• MI & OH River
Valleys
– mound-building
cultures
– Adena, Hopewell,
Mississippians
• Northeast (NY)
– League of the
Iroquois
• Renaissance Period
– time of great artistic and
scientific activity
• Use of gunpowder spreads
• Improvements in
shipbuilding and
mapmaking
• Printing press to spread
knowledge
Astrolobe
Caravel
Prince Henry
the Navigator
• Spain united under
Catholic rulers
– 1492  Muslims expelled
• Protestant
Reformation/Catholic
Counter-Reformation
– Religious wars swept Europe
• Catholics & Protestants
want to spread their
faith to non-Christians
abroad.
• Fierce competition
for trade with
Africa, India, and
China
• Land route to Asia
blocked by
Ottoman Turks
• Looking for new
routes to Asia
• Monarchs were gaining power
• Depended on trade to bring in needed revenues
and the Church to justify their right to rule
• Oct. 12, 1492 lands in
Bahamas
• Made three trips
• His legacy
– Treatment of Native
Americans
– Permanent interaction
w/Europeans & Native
Americas
– Columbian Exchange
Balboa
Cortez
Pizarro
• Conquistadors sent shiploads
of gold and silver back to
Spain
– increased the gold supply 500%
– Spain richest and most powerful
nation in Europe
• Used the encomienda
system
– King gave grants of land &
Indians to individual Spaniards
– Disease decimated native
population replaced with African
slaves (asiento system)
• Earliest claim
• Explored
Newfoundland
• 1570s-1580s – sea
dogs harassed
Spanish shipping
• 1588 – English
defeat Spanish
Armada
– British gained naval
superiority
• 1st English settlement
in America
• “Croatoan”
• 1534-1542: Cartier
explored St.
Lawrence
• 1608: Champlain
est. Quebec
• 1682: de la Salle
explored Louisiana
• 1609: Explored “Hudson”
River & est. claims to
surrounding area
• New Amsterdam
(modern-day NY)
• Dutch West India
Company
– Joint-stock company
– Given control of the region
• Chartered by King
James I
• Joint stock company
Early problems: Indian attacks, famine,
disease – own mistakes.
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000
pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly onethird of its colonists in an Indian
attack, Virginia produces 60,000
pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000
pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000
pounds of tobacco.
• Virginia Company
went bankrupt
• 1624 – King
James I revoked
their charter
• 1st royal colony
• Pilgrims were
Puritan
Separatists
• First migrated
to Holland
• Then to the
New World
• 1620: 100
passengers take 65
day voyage
• Plymouth Rock
• Mayflower Compact
• Fewer than ½ the
passengers were
Separatists
• Decision would be
made by majority
decision
• 1st winter  50% die
– Thanksgiving
• Strong leaders help the
colony survive
– Miles Standish
– Gov. William Bradford
• Fish, furs, and lumber
become mainstays
Pilgrims?
vs.
Puritans?
• Far more important and
influential to American history
than Pilgrims
• 1629: Massachusetts Bay
Company gains royal charter for
a new colony
– Great Migration adds another
15,000
• 1630: John Winthrop leads and
founds Boston.
– “City Upon the Hill”
Speech
• Majority Rule in Plymouth
• Mayflower Compact
• Early form of self-government
• Early form of written constitution,
est. powers and duties of the gov’t
• Representative gov’t in Jamestown
• To encourage settlement Virginia Company
guaranteed colonists same rights as Englishmen
• Virginia House of Burgesses
• Representative gov’t in Massachusetts
• All male members of the Puritan Church had the
right to participate in yearly elections
• Pledge by Pilgrims
to make decisions
by the will of the
majority
• Early form of
colonial selfgovernment
• Early form of
written constitution
• Only male property owners could vote
for representatives
– No women voters
– No landless voters  will cause problems
for free indentured servants later
• Many colonial governors ruled with
autocratic or unlimited powers and
answered only to the king.
• Approach was to
conquer, rule, &
intermarry
–Encomienda
System
–A rigid classsystem develops
• No intermarriage
• At first relations
are decent
• Occupied the land and forced
tribes they encountered to move
away
• 1608-1613: 1st Anglo-Powhatan War
– Conflict ended with Pocahontas’ marriage to
John Rolfe
• 1622: Indian Massacre
– 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War
–
• 1644: Indian attack
– Powhatan tribe again tried
expel English
– 3rd Anglo-Powhatan War
to
• Pequot village
destroyed
• Broke the back
of the Pequots
• Hunted down
and killed by
Puritans of
Mass. Bay
Colony
• Maintained relatively
good relations with
tribes of the St.
Lawrence & Great
Lakes region
• Had few colonists, farms, or towns,
mostly fur traders
• Posed little threat to native pop.
• Analyze the differences between the
Jamestown and Plymouth colonies.
• Compare and contrast English, Spanish,
and French colonization policies.